O jornalismo na América Latina: revisão histórica e proposta de modelo de análise

 Claudia Mellado-Ruiz, Concepción (Chile)

https://doi.org/10.3916/c33-2009-01-011

Palavras chave

Jornalismo, profissão, pesquisa cross-nacional, estruturas sociais, formação, profissionalização

Resumo

Com base em uma revisão histórica das últimas cinco décadas, este artigo analisa os elementos que hoje definem a profissão jornalística na América Latina. Este trabalho se justifica pelas estruturas sociais compartilhadas na região, bem como pela função de mediação que o jornalismo cumpre na construção da realidade, propondo um modelo que descreve os aspectos individuais, organizacionais e sociais que influenciaram o seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que os problemas de formação vinculados à identidade e à autonomia da profissão, o valor cultural dado à carreira profissional, a existência e o alcance das associações profissionais, as particularidades políticas e econômicas, e a grande influência estrangeira exercida pela Europa e pelos Estados Unidos são os aspectos que diferenciam o jornalismo latino-americano do resto do mundo. Entretanto, considera-se a inexistência de uma conceitualização e operacionalização reconhecidas da profissão no subcontinente.

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