Estratégias online de mediação parental em contextos familiares da Espanha

 Gemma Martínez, Vizcaya (Espanha)

 Miguel-Ángel Casado, Vizcaya (Espanha)

 Carmelo Garitaonandia, Vizcaya (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C65-2020-06

Palavras chave

Internet, mediação, estratégias, comportamento, família, menores de idade, pais e mães, intervenção

Resumo

O presente artigo explora as estratégias online de mediação parental na Espanha e como os fatores sociodemográficos e de contexto familiar se associam a elas. Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no fim de 2018 com 2.900 pessoas de nacionalidade espanhola, menores de idade e usuários da internet que tinham entre 9 e 17 anos. A incidência das diferentes estratégias de mediação parental no uso da internet foi calculada de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos dos menores (idade e sexo). Mediante um estudo de associação realizado com o programa de análise estatística SPSS, explora-se também a relação da incidência de diferentes estratégias com as regras de comportamento e apoio familiar em contexto domiciliar percebidas pelos menores de idade. As estratégias de mediação habilitantes e restritivas estão presentes de modo significativo nas famílias espanholas, enquanto que as técnicas se apresentam de forma muito limitadas. Cabe ressaltar que as restrições e as estratégias de segurança geralmente se aplicam mais a meninas do que a meninos. As regras familiares relacionadas ao comportamento dos menores de idade interferem positivamente no aumento da incidência de quase todas as estratégias, no entanto, não há uma associação significativa entre o apoio familiar percebido pelas crianças e as estratégias restritivas e técnicas aplicadas por pais e mães.

Referências

Bartau-Rojas, I., Aierbe, A., & Oregui, E. (2020). Mediación parental del uso de Internet desde una perspectiva de género. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 22, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2020.22.e02.2075

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Casado, M.A., Garitaonandia, C., Jiménez, E., Garmendia, M., Karrera, I., & Moreno, G. (2018). Los niños y niñas de la brecha digital en España. UNICEF. Comité Español. https://bit.ly/2MxkqQ9

Link Google Scholar

Clark, L.S. (2011). Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Communication Theory, 21(4), 323-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01391.x

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Dedkova, L., & Smahel, D. (2019). Online parental mediation: Associations of family members’ characteristics to individual engagement in active mediation and monitoring. Journal of Family Issues, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19888255

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Düerager, A., & Livingstone, S. (2012). How can parents support children’s Internet safety? EU Kids Online, LSE. https://bit.ly/3636fK8

Link Google Scholar

Eastin, M.S., Greenberg, B.S., & Hofschire, L. (2006). Parenting the Internet. Journal of Communication, 56(3), 486-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00297.x

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Ergin, D.A., & Kapçi, E.G. (2019). Validity and reliability study of parental mediation for Internet usage scale Adolescent and Parent Forms in the Turkish Sample. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 10(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.457218

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Eynon, R., & Helsper, E. (2015). Family dynamics and Internet use in Britain: What role do children play in adults’ engagement with the Internet? Information, Communication & Society, 18(2), 156-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.942344

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Garmendia, M., Garitaonandia, C., Martínez, G., & Casado, M.A. (2011). Riesgos y seguridad en Internet: Los menores españoles en el contexto europeo. Universidad del País Vasco / EU Kids Online. https://bit.ly/34TP8Ju

Link Google Scholar

Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., Casado, M.A., & Mascheroni, G. (2016). Net children go mobile: Riesgos y oportunidades en Internet y el uso de dispositivos móviles entre menores españoles (2010-2015). Red.es / Universidad del País Vasco. https://bit.ly/2StngZb

Link Google Scholar

Haddon, L. (2018). Supervisión y control parental de los teléfonos inteligentes de los menores. In E. Jiménez, M. Garmendia, & M.A. Casado, (Eds.), Entre selfies y whatsapps: Oportunidades y riesgos para la infancia y la adolescencia conectada (pp. 75-90). Gedisa.

Link Google Scholar

Hasebrink, U., Görzig, A., Haddon, L., Kalmus, V., & Livingstone, S. (2011). Patterns of risk and safety online: In-depth analyses from the EU Kids Online survey of 9- to 16-year-olds and their parents in 25 European countries: Deliverable D5. EU Kids Online, LSE. https://doi.org/10.4135/978144627305014533936

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Helsper, E.J., Kalmus, V., Hasebrink, U., Ságvári, B., & de-Haan, J. (2013). Country classification: Opportunities, risks, harm and parental mediation. EU Kids Online, LSE. https://bit.ly/2ESzFPi

Link Google Scholar

Ito, M., Baumer, S., Bittanti, M., Boyd, D., Cody, R., Stephenson, B.H., Horst, H.A., Lange, P.G., Mahendran, D., Martínez, K.Z., Pascoe, C.J., Perkel, D., Robinson, L., Sims, C., & Tripp, L. (2010). Hanging out, messing around, and geeking out. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11832.001.0001

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Kirwil, L., Garmendia, M., Garitaonandia, C., & Martínez, G. (2009). Parental mediation. In S. Livingstone & L. Haddon (Eds.), Kids Online: Opportunities and risks for children (pp. 199-217). The Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qgvds

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the Internet: The perspective of European children. Full findings. EU Kids Online, LSE. https://bit.ly/3507hWb

Link Google Scholar

Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., Dreier, M., Chaudron, S., & Lagae, K. (2015). How parents of young children manage digital devices at home: The role of income, education and parental style. EU Kids Online, LSE. https://bit.ly/37cEaR0

Link Google Scholar

Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E.J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G.A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Lobe, B., Livingstone, S., O?lafsson, K., & Simo?es, J.A. (2008). Best practice research guide: How to research children and online technologies in comparative perspective. Deliverable D4.2. EU Kids Online y LSE. https://bit.ly/2Wm9etA

Link Google Scholar

López-de-Ayala, M.C., & Ponte, C. (2016). La mediación parental de las practicas online de los menores españoles. Doxa, 23, 13-46. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n23a1

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

López-de-Ayala, M.C., Pastor, E.M., & García, B.C. (2019). Nuevas estrategias de mediación parental en el uso de las redes sociales por adolescentes. El Profesional de la Información, 28(5), 17. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.sep.23

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Martínez, G. (2018). La mediación parental en Internet: Estrategias, prevalencia y evolución en Europa y España. [Tesis doctoral. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)]. https://bit.ly/2KSuAcL

Link Google Scholar

Martínez, G., & Casado, M.A. (2018). La responsabilidad de las madres y de los padres españoles como mediadores en el uso de Internet que hacen los menores: Evolución y nuevos retos. In E. Jiménez, M. Garmendia, & M.A. Casado (Eds.), Entre selfies y whatsapps. Oportunidades y riesgos para la infancia y adolescencia conectada (pp.173-188). Gedisa.

Link Google Scholar

Mascheroni, G., & Holloway, D. (2019). The quantified child: Discourses and practices of dataveillance in different life stages. In O. Erstad, R. Flewitt, B. Kümmerling-Meibauer, & I. Pires-Pereira, (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Digital Literacies in Early Childhood (pp. 354-365). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10898-4

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Mascheroni, G., Livingstone, S., Dreier, M., & Chaudron, S. (2016). Learning versus play or learning through play? How parents’ imaginaries, discourses and practices around ICTs shape children’s (digital) literacy practices. Media Education, 7(2), 261-280. https://doi.org/10.14605/MED721606

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

O’Neill, B. (2014). Policy influences and country clusters: A comparative analysis of Internet safety policy implementation. EU Kids Online, LSE. https://bit.ly/2Wk8ftR

Link Google Scholar

Ponte, C., Simões, J.A., Batista, S., & Castro, T.S. (2019). Involved, intermittent, disengaged? Mediation styles of parents of 3 to 8-year-old children who use the Internet. Sociologia, 91, 39-58 https://doi.org/10.7458/10.7458/SPP20199112332

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Ramos-Soler, I., López-Sánchez, C., & Torrecillas-Lacave, T. (2018). Online risk perception in young people and its effects on digital behaviour. [Percepción de riesgo online en jóvenes y su efecto en el comportamiento digital]. Comunicar, 56, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.3916/C56-2018-07

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G., & Roberts, D.F. (2010). Generation M 2: Media in the lives of 8- to 18-year-olds. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Link Google Scholar

Sasson, H., & Mesch, G. (2019). Parental mediation. In R. Hobbs, & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0177

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Shin, W., & Li, B. (2017). Parental mediation of children’s digital technology use in Singapore. Journal of Children and Media, 11(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2016.1203807

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Shin, W., & Lwin, M.O. (2017). How does “talking about the Internet with others” affect teenagers’ experience of online risks? The role of active mediation by parents, peers, and school teachers. New Media & Society, 19(7), 1109-1126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815626612

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. https://www.doi.org/10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo

Link Google Scholar

Sonck, N., Nikken, P. & de Haan, J. (2013). Determinants of Internet mediation: A comparison of the reports by Dutch parents and children. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2012.739806

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Torrecillas-Lacave, T., Morales-de-Vega, M.E., & Vázquez-Barrio, T. (2017). Mediación familiar en el uso de servicios digitales por menores escolarizados. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 23(1), 663-673. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.55620

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De-Wever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55(2), 454-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.009

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Valkenburg, P.M., Krcmar, M., Peeters, A.L., & Marseille, N.M. (1999). Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation: ‘Instructive mediation’, ‘restrictive mediation’ and ‘social coviewing’. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43(1), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159909364474

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Valkenburg, P.M., Piotrowski, J.T., Hermanns, J., & De-Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39(4), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12010

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Vincent, J. (2015). Mobile opportunities: Exploring positive mobile opportunities for European children. Polis, LSE. https://bit.ly/34Zrewe

Link Google Scholar

Warren, R. (2001). In words and deeds: Parental involvement and mediation of children’s television viewing. Journal of Family Communication, 1(4), 211-231. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0104_01

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Fundref

Crossmark

Technical information

Recebido: 10-01-2020

Revisado: 25-03-2020

Aceite: 27-04-2020

OnlineFirst: 15-06-2020

Data de publicação: 01-10-2020

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 75 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 65: 36 dias

Tempo de aceitação do artigo: 107 dias | Tempo médio de aceitação do número 65: 78 dias

Tempo de edição da pré-impressão: 219 dias | Tempo médio de edição pré-impressão do número 65: 190 dias

Tempo de processamento do artigo: 264 dias | Tempo médio de processamento do número 65: 235 dias

Métricas

Métricas deste artigo

Vistas: 20429

Leituras dos resumos: 18607

Descargas em PDF: 1822

Métricas completas do Comunicar 65

Vistas: 252300

Leituras dos resumos: 216364

Descargas em PDF: 35936

Citado por