Palabras clave
Populismo, política pop, pandemia, COVID-19, comunicación política, Twitter, infoentretenimiento, emoción
Resumen
El trabajo analiza el uso de Twitter como canal de comunicación presidencialista en el periodo inicial de la COVID-19. El objetivo es conocer el manejo de cuatro presidentes (España, Argentina, México y Brasil) y analizar la tesis del presidencialismo populista en líderes en su primera mitad de mandato. El método es cualitativo y compara los mensajes de la cuenta personal de Twitter las primeras 20 semanas de 2020. Se analizan en seis categorías: polarización, conspiración, exaltación y liderazgo carismático, personalización y vida privada, emoción y sentimientos, y publicidad en medios. Los cuatro presidentes comparten rasgos populistas, pero en distinto grado o caracterización. López Obrador y Bolsonaro ofrecen un perfil más populista con apelaciones emotivas al pueblo y su acción sanitaria salvífica. En cambio, Alberto Fernández y Pedro Sánchez responden al perfil de política pop, de liderazgo mediatizado para que la prensa amplifique sus logros. Se concluye que la pandemia ha acentuado el perfil presidencialista y personalista, aun cuando no encajen en el paradigma populista. Así, Sánchez y Bolsonaro sí despliegan una estrategia de comunicación de gestión sanitaria, mientras que López Obrador y Fernández apenas prestan atención a la política sanitaria.
Referencias
Amado, A. (2016). Política pop: De líderes populistas a telepresidentes. Ariel.
Link Google Scholar
Arias-Maldonado, M. (2016). La digitalización de la conversación pública: Redes sociales, afectividad política y democracia. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 173, 27-54. https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.173.01
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Arias-Maldonado, M. (2019). Understanding fake news: Technology, affects, and the politics of the untruth. Historia y Comunicación Social, 24(2), 533-547. https://doi.org/10.5209/hics.66298
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Baldwin-Philippi, J. (2019). The technological performance of populism. New Media & Society, 21(2), 376-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797591
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Beckett, C., & Deuze, M. (2016). On the role of emotion in the future of journalism. Social Media + Society, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116662395
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bennett, W.L, & Livingston, S. (2018). The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions. European Journal of Communication, 33(2) 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118760317
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bevelander, P., & Wodak, R. (2019). Europe at the crossroads: Confronting populist, nationalist and global challenges. Nordic Academic Press.
Link Google Scholar
Block, E., & Negrine, R. (2017). The Populist Communication Style: Toward a critical framework. International Journal of Communication, 11, 178-197. https://bit.ly/2zGNG3s
Link Google Scholar
Bracciale, R., & Martella, A. (2017). Define the populist political communication style: The case of Italian political leaders on Twitter. Information, Communication and Society, 20(9), 1310-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328522
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bødker, H., & Anderson, C. (2019). Populist time: Mediating inmediacy and delay in liberal democracy. International Journal of Communication, 13, 5948-5966. https://bit.ly/36J52Jd
Link Google Scholar
Campos-Domínguez, E. (2017). Twitter y la comunicación política. El Profesional de la Información, 26(5), 785-793. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.01
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Canovan, M. (1999). Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy. Political Studies, 47(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Crilley, R. (2018). International relations in the age of post-truth politics. International Affairs, 94(2), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy038
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Crilley, R., & Gillespie, M. (2019). What to do about social media? Politics, populism, and journalism. Journalism, 20(1), 173-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918807344
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
De-la-Torre, C. (2010). Populist seduction in Latin America. Ohio University Press.
Link Google Scholar
De-la-Torre, C. (2017). Trump’s populism: Lessons from Latin America. Postcolonial Studies, 20(2), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2017.1363846
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Elman, C. (2008). Symposium on qualitative research methods in political science. The Journal of Politics, 70(1), 272-274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381607080206
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Enli, G. (2017). New media and politics. Annals of the International Communication Association, 41(3-4), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2017.1392251
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gallardo-Paúls, B. (2018). Tiempo de hipérboles. Inestabilidad e interferencias en el discurso político. Tirant Humanidades.
Link Google Scholar
Gerbaudo, P. (2018). Social media and populism: An elective affinity? Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), 745-753. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772192
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gerring, J. (2004). What is a case study and what is it good for? American Political Science Review, 98(2), 341-354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404001182
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Golan, G.J., Manor, I., & Arceneaux, P. (2019). Mediated public diplomacy redefined: Foreign stakeholder engagement via paid, earned, shared, and owned media. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(12), 1665-1683. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219835279
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gómez-García, S., Gil-Torres, A., Carrillo-Vera, J., & Navarro-Sierra, N. (2019). Constructing Donald Trump: Mobile apps in the political discourse about the President of the United States. [Creando a Donald Trump: Las apps en el discurso político sobre el presidente de Estados Unidos]. Comunicar, 59, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.3916/C59-2019-05 Hallin, D.C. (2019) Mediatisation, neoliberalism and populisms: The case of Trump. Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2018.1426404
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hansen, L.K., Arvidsson, A., Nielsen, F., Colleoni, E., & Etter, M. (2011). Good friends, bad news-affect and virality in Twitter. In J.J. Park, L.T. Yang, & C. Lee (Eds.), Future information technology. Communications in computer and information science future information technology (pp. 34-43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22309-9_5
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Laclau, E. (1977). Towards a theory of populism. In E. Laclau (Ed.), Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory (pp.143-200). New Left Books.
Link Google Scholar
Latinobarómetro (Ed.) (2015). La confianza en América Latina 1995-2015. Santiago de Chile. https://bit.ly/2X7Ebn1
Link Google Scholar
Mazzoleni, G., & Sfardini, A. (2009). Política pop. Da ‘Porta Porta’ a ‘L’isola dei famosi’. Collana Contemporanea. Il Mulino.
Link Google Scholar
Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism. performance, political style, and representation. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804796132.001.0001
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Moffitt, B., & Tormey, S. (2014). Rethinking populism: Politics mediatisation and political style. Political Studies, 62, 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12032
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492037
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ociepka, B. (2018). Public diplomacy as political communication: Lessons from case studies. European Journal of Communication, 33(3), 290-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118763909
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ott, B.L. (2017). The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 34(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2016.1266686
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Roselle, L., Miskimmon, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2014). Strategic narrative: A new means to understand soft power. Media, War & Conflict, 7(1), 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635213516696
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tucker, J.A., Guess, A., Barbera, P. Vaccari, C., Siegel, A., Sanovich, S., Stukal, D., & Nyhan, B. (2018). Social media, political polarization, and political disinformation: A review of the scientific literature. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3144139
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Valera-Ordaz, L. (2019). Liberal individualist, Communitarian, or Deliberative? Analyzing Political Discussion on Ernstok Based on Three Notions of Democracy. International Journal of Communication, 13, 1056-1076. https://bit.ly/2zGNG3s
Link Google Scholar
Van-Kessel, S., & Castelein, R. (2016). Shifting the blame. Populist politicians’ use of Twitter as a tool of opposition. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 12(2), 594-614. https://bit.ly/2ZLU18n
Link Google Scholar
Waisbord, S. (2018). The elective affinity between post-truth communication and populist politics. Communication Research and Practice, 4(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2018.1428928
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Waisbord, S., & Amado, A. (2017). Populist communication by digital means: presidential Twitter in Latin America. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1330-1346. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328521
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Zaharna, R.S. (2018). Digital diplomacy as diplomatic sites: Emotion, identity & do-it-yourself politics. In V. Stanzel (Ed.), New realities in foreign affairs: Diplomacy in the 21st century (pp. 105-114). German Institute for International Security Affairs. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299501-105
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ficha técnica
Recibido: 29-05-2020
Revisado: 11-06-2020
Aceptado: 02-07-2020
First Online: 15-11-2020
Fecha publicación: 01-01-2021
Tiempo de revisión del artículo : 13 días | Media tiempo revisión número 66: 16 días
Tiempo de aceptación del artículo: 34 días | Media tiempo aceptación número 66: 51 días
Tiempo de edición del preprint: 172 días | Media tiempo edición número preprint 66: 193 días
Tiempo de edición del artículo: 217 días | Media tiempo edición número 66: 238 días
Métricas
Métricas de este artículo
Vistas: 8020
Lectura del abstract: 6984
Descargas del PDF: 1036
Métricas completas de Comunicar 66
Vistas: 83853
Lectura del abstract: 74970
Descargas del PDF: 8883
Citado por
Citas en Web of Science
Actualmente no existen citas hacia este documento
Citas en Scopus
Actualmente no existen citas hacia este documento
Citas en Google Scholar
Actualmente no existen citas hacia este documento
