Keywords
Teens, immigrants, press, content analysis, text mining, MENA
Abstract
This article analyses Spanish media treatment of a certain type of immigrant: the unaccompanied foreign minor ('MENA' in Spanish). The media play an important role in creating and disseminating ideas and images amongst the general public, thereby promoting the articulation of sets of meanings called discourses. The main goal of this research is to identify the discursive approaches that have been constructed around the term “MENA” in the main Spanish daily newspapers. To this end, we gathered and analysed all the news reports published between January 2017 and October 2019 by the digital editions of the four most widely-read newspapers in Spain (La Vanguardia, El País, El Mundo and ABC). This analysis was performed using text mining techniques (an important field in data science) such as term frequency, inverse document frequency, and correlation networks between words. Our results show that the term “MENA” evokes a criminalising, moralistic, welfare-dependent discourse that is articulated from an adult-centric, nationalist perspective. The study concluded that the conservative press uses the acronym more frequently than the left-wing media. However, no significant discursive differences were observed between conservative and progressive press in terms of the language used, which often had negative connotations that stigmatised the young people concerned.
References
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Buzan, B. (2007). People, states and fear: And agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. ECPR. https://bit.ly/2YYvMDq
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Colectivo IOÉ (Ed.) (1995). Discursos de los españoles sobre los extranjeros Paradojas de la alteridad. Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales. https://bit.ly/3gsXo9k
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Fiscalía General del Estado (Ed.) (2020). Memoria del año 2019. Imprenta Nacional de la Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://bit.ly/2VKtxBk
Gimeno, C. (2013). El orden y la gente: Los menores migrantes no acompañados. In M. Fernández (Ed.), Negociaciones identitarias (pp. 25-36). Commonground Publishing. https://bit.ly/30m8EOH
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Giovannetti, M. (2016). I comuni e le politiche di accoglienza dei minori stranieri non accompagnati. Cittalia - ANCI. https://bit.ly/2NQh4rI
Gutiérrez-Brito, J. (2010). Introducción a la lógica del análisis del discurso. In G.J. Callejo (Eds.), Introducción a las técnicas de investigación social (pp. 245-264). Ramón Areces. https://bit.ly/2VFqBpR
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Martínez-Nicolás, M., Humanes, M.L., & Saperas-Lapiedra, E. (2014). La mediatización de la política en el periodismo español. Análisis longitudinal de la información política en la prensa de referencia (1980-2010). Trípodos, 1(34), 41-59. https://bit.ly/3aNRqN2
Mateo, J.L. (2017). «Moros vienen». Historia y política de un estereotipo. Instituto de las Culturas. https://bit.ly/38p1ixg
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Peris, L.F. (2015). La tutela trasnazionale condivisa come superiore interesse dei minori stranieri non accompagnati con vincoli familiari. [Doctoral dissertation]. Sapienza Universitá di Roma. https://bit.ly/3hbmDxn
Piñuel-Raigada, J.L. (2002). Epistemología, metodología y técnicas del análisis de contenido. [Epistemology, methodology and content analysis techniques], Estudios de Sociolingüística. 3(1), 1-42. https://bit.ly/2SicmFL
Quiroga, V. (2010). Sueños de bolsillo. Menores migrantes no acompañados/as en España. Unicef-Banesto. https://bit.ly/2VKSdda
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Save the Children (Ed.) (2018). Los más solos. Save the Children España. https://bit.ly/2NWsoCK
Sigona, N., Chase, E., & Humphris, R. (2017). Protecting the best interests of the child in transition to adulthood. Becoming Adult Research Brief. UCL. https://bit.ly/2VbYO0y
Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2019). Text mining with R: A tidy approach. O´Reilly. https://bit.ly/2ST4UjS
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Van-Dijk, T.A. (2005). Nuevo racismo y noticias. In M. Nash, N. Benach-Rovira, R. Tello-i-Robira (Eds.), Inmigración, género y espacios urbanos: Los retos de la diversidad (pp. 33-55). Bellaterra. https://bit.ly/3f4QTd1
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Velasco, J.C. (2016). Open-Border immigration policy: A step towards global justice. Migraciones Internacionales, 8(4), 41-72. https://bit.ly/3jgvGiE
Fundref
Technical information
Received: 30-04-2020
Revised: 24-05-2020
Accepted: 03-07-2020
OnlineFirst: 15-11-2020
Publication date: 01-01-2021
Article revision time: 24 days | Average time revision issue 66: 16 days
Article acceptance time: 64 days | Average time of acceptance issue 66: 51 days
Preprint editing time: 201 days | Average editing time preprint issue 66: 193 days
Article editing time: 246 days | Average editing time issue 66: 238 days
Metrics
Metrics of this article
Views: 21906
Abstract readings: 18785
PDF downloads: 3121
Full metrics of Comunicar 66
Views: 225495
Abstract readings: 196152
PDF downloads: 29343
Cited by
Cites in Web of Science
Gomez-Garcia, Salvador; Paz-Rebollo, Maria-Antonia; Cabeza-San-Deogracias, Jose;. Newsgames against hate speech in the refugee crisis COMUNICAR , 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3916/C67-2021-10
Jaramillo-Dent, Daniela; Contreras-Pulido, Paloma; Perez-Rodriguez, M. Amor;. Right-wing immigration narratives in Spain: A study of persuasion on Instagram Stories EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION , 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211012157
Guerrero-Martin, Inigo; Igartua, Juan-Jose;. Reduction of prejudice toward unaccompanied foreign minors through audiovisual narratives. Effects of the similarity and of the narrative voice PROFESIONAL DE LA INFORMACION , 2021.
Cites in Scopus
Guerrero-Martín, I., Igartua, J.-J. . Reduction of prejudice toward unaccompanied foreign minors through audiovisual narratives. Effects of the similarity and of the narrative voice), Profesional de la Informacion, .
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.mar.03
Jaramillo-Dent, D., Contreras-Pulido, P., Pérez-Rodríguez, M.A. . Right-wing immigration narratives in Spain: A study of persuasion on Instagram Stories), European Journal of Communication, .
Cites in Google Scholar
Gómez-García, S., Paz-Rebollo, M. A., & Cabeza-San-Deogracias, J. (2021). Newsgames against hate speech in the refugee crisis. Comunicar, 29(67).
http://eprints.rclis.org/40922/
Guerrero-Martín, I., & Igartua, J. J. (2021). Reduction of prejudice toward unaccompanied foreign minors through audiovisual narratives. Effects of the similarity and of the narrative voice. Profesional de la Información, 30(2).
https://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/EPI/article/view/86345
Gómez-García, S., Paz-Rebollo, M. A., & Cabeza-San-Deogracias, J. (2021). Newsgames frente a los discursos del odio en la crisis de los refugiados. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 29(67), 123-133.
https://www.revistacomunicar.com/index.php?contenido=preimpreso&doi=10.3916/C67-2021-10
Jaramillo-Dent, D., Contreras-Pulido, P., & Pérez-Rodríguez, M. A. (2021). Right-wing immigration narratives in Spain: A study of persuasion on Instagram Stories. European Journal of Communication, 02673231211012157.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02673231211012157
Rodríguez, J. A. M. (2021). COMUNICACIÓN PÚBLICA E IMAGEN MEDIÁTICA EN EL ÁMBITO LOCAL: EL CASO DE LA POLICÍA LOCAL DE GRANADA.
Pérez Ramos, K. (2021). (Re) conociendo prejuicios.
https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/24132
Ramírez, M. G., & de Travesedo Rojas, R. G. (2022). Estrategia discursiva sobre los MENA en YouTube. Construcción de un discurso de odio. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (80), 259-285.
http://nuevaepoca.revistalatinacs.org/index.php/revista/article/view/1697
Baños, R. V., Niella, M. F., Martí, A. S., & Gomà, M. M. (2021). Child and Adolescent Care Services: Addressing the Vulnerability of Unaccompanied Minors in Barcelona. In Handbook of Research on Promoting Social Justice for Immigrants and Refugees Through Active Citizenship and Intercultural Education (pp. 16-36). IGI Global.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/child-and-adolescent-care-services/282305
Gómez García, S., Paz Rebollo, M. A., & Cabeza San Deogracias, J. (2021). Newsgames frente a los discursos del odio en la crisis de los refugiados. Comunicar: revista científica iberoamericana de comunicación y educación.
https://redined.educacion.gob.es/xmlui/handle/11162/207020
Martín, I. G. (2021). El rol de la voz narrativa y la similitud con el protagonista en narraciones diseñadas para reducir el prejuicio hacia inmigrantes estigmatizados (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de Salamanca).
Lloret, C. M. El estado del arte de la ciencia de datos en el idioma español y su aplicación en el campo de la Inteligencia Artificial.
https://assets.pubpub.org/entfx958/f5257ea7-1031-43da-b6a3-8b469bd399c2.pdf
Gimeno Gimeno, I. (2021). Discriminación y desinformación en tiempos de pandemia: un análisis crítico del discurso de las fake news en España durante el COVID-19.
http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/116966
Lloret, C. M. State of the art of data science in Spanish language and its application in the eld of AI.
https://assets.pubpub.org/yf4d2y6x/4a261345-8baa-4c1a-8463-bed29ffb66f1.pdf
Ducca Cisneros, L. V. (2021). La participación en la intervención grupal con jóvenes y adolescentes en la ciudad de Madrid: entre el control y el empoderamiento.
https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/69392/
Ramírez, M. G., & de Travesedo Rojas, R. G. (2022). Discursive strategy on UFM on YouTube. Construction of a hate speech. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (80), 259-284.
Terrón-Caro, T., Cárdenas-Rodríguez, R., & Ortega-de-Mora, F. (2022). Discourse, Immigration and the Spanish Press: Critical Analysis of the Discourse on the Ceuta and Melilla Border Incident. Societies, 12(2), 56.
De Nolf, A., d’Haenens, L., & Joris, W. Muslim Youth: Representations and Media Consumption. In The Routledge International Handbook of Children, Adolescents, and Media (pp. 371-378). Routledge.
Alternative metrics
How to cite
Gómez-Quintero, J., Aguerri, J., & Gimeno-Monterde, C. (2021). Media representation of minors who migrate on their own: The 'MENA' in the Spanish press. [Representaciones mediáticas de los menores que migran solos: Los MENA en la prensa española]. Comunicar, 66, 95-105. https://doi.org/10.3916/C66-2021-08