关键词
网络分析、定量分析、错误信息、虚拟社区、社交网络、批判性思维
摘要
本研究的目的是,通过使用社交网络分析工具和语言处理工具检验推特上关于对主要新冠疫苗利弊的看法和互动程度。此外,我们还研究了每种主要疫苗与上述言论的相关性,以及与之相关的争议程度。此外,这项研究是第一次不仅从内容的角度,而且通过详细分析经验证的帐户信息并使用工具检测机器人,从构成对话的参与者的角度对对话进行的调查。整体上来看,经过验证的账户结果显示对新冠疫苗的支持度中等,接受度最高的是牛津-阿斯利康、辉瑞、莫德纳和 Sputnik V 疫苗。 另一方面,最受关注的疫苗是俄罗斯Sputnik V疫苗,该疫苗和中国疫苗是受到争议最多的疫苗。最后结果显示,经验证的账户由于其更大的传播力和覆盖面被认为是对话的主导者,而机器人的出现实际上不存在。
参考资料
Andre, F.E., Booy, R., Bock, H.L., Clemens, J., Datta, S. K., John, T.J., Lee, B.W., Lolekha, S., Peltola, H., Ruff, T.A., Santosham, M., & Schmitt, H.J. (2008). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(2), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.040089
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Auger, G.A. (2013). Fostering democracy through social media: Evaluating diametrically opposed nonprofit advocacy organizations’ use of Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Public Relations Review, 39(4), 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.07.013
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bello-Orgaz, G., Hernandez-Castro, J., & Camacho, D. (2017). Detecting discussion communities on vaccination in twitter. Future Generation Computer Systems, 66, 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.06.032
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bertin, P., Nera, K., & Delouvée, S. (2020). Conspiracy beliefs, rejection of vaccination, and support for hydroxychloroquine: A conceptual replication-extension in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565128
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bosch, T. (2017). Twitter activism and youth in South Africa: The case of #RhodesMustFall. Information, Communication & Society, 20(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1162829
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Botometer (Ed.) (2020). Botometer® by OSoMe. FAQ. https://bit.ly/3bGEPh8
Link Google Scholar
Brand, E., & Gomez, H. (2006). Análisis de redes sociales como metodología de investigación. Elementos básicos y aplicación. Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Antioquia. https://bit.ly/3npVOdi
Link Google Scholar
Broniatowski, D.A., Jamison, A.M., Qi, S., AlKulaib, L., Chen, T., Benton, A., Quinn, S.C., & Dredze, M. (2018). Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate. American Journal of Public Health, 108(10), 1378-1384. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304567
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Burnap, P., Gibson, R., Sloan, L., Southern, R., & Williams, M. (2016). 140 characters to victory? Using Twitter to predict the UK 2015 general election. Electoral Studies, 41, 230-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.017
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Callaway, E. (2020). Russia announces positive COVID-vaccine results from controversial trial. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03209-0
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) (Ed.) (2021). Barómetro de febrero 2021. https://bit.ly/37LyfFj
Link Google Scholar
Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12084
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Cuesta-Cambra, U., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Niño-González, J.I. (2019). Análisis de la información pro vacunas y anti vacunas en redes sociales e internet. Patrones visuales y emocionales. Profesional de la Información, 28(2), e280217. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.17
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Denia, E. (2020). The impact of science communication on Twitter: The case of Neil deGrasse Tyson. [El impacto del discurso científico en Twitter: El caso de Neil deGrasse Tyson]. Comunicar, 65, 21-30. https://doi.org/10.3916/C65-2020-02
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Dixon, G., & Clarke, C. (2013). The effect of falsely balanced reporting of the autism-vaccine controversy on vaccine safety perceptions and behavioral intentions. Health Education Research, 28(2), 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cys110
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Dror, A.A., Eisenbach, N., Taiber, S., Morozov, N.G., Mizrachi, M., Zigron, A., Srouji, S., & Sela, E. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 775-779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Dubé, E., Vivion, M., & MacDonald, N.E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: Influence, impact and implications. Expert Review of Vaccines, 14(1), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2015.964212
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Fauziyyah, A. (2020). Analisis sentimen pandemi Covid19 pada streaming Twitter dengan text mining Python. Jurnal Ilmiah SINUS, 18(2), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.30646/sinus.v18i2.491
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Flaherty, D.K. (2011). The vaccine-autism connection: A public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 45(10), 1302-1304. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1Q318
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
François, G., Duclos, P., Margolis, H., Lavanchy, D., Siegrist, C.A., Meheus, A., Lambert, P.H., Emiroglu, N., Badur, S., & Van-Damme, P. (2005). Vaccine safety controversies and the future of vaccination programs. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 24(11), 953-961. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000183853.16113.a6
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Friedrich, M.J. (2019). WHO’s Top Health Threats for 2019. JAMA, 321(11). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.1934
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gintova, M. (2019). Understanding government social media users: An analysis of interactions on immigration, refugees and citizenship Canada Twitter and Facebook. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.005
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Graells-Garrido, E., Baeza-Yates, R., & Lalmas, M. (2019). How representative is an abortion debate on Twitter? In P. Boldi, B. Foucault-Welles, K, Kinder-Kurlanda, & C. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science - WebSci ’19. (pp. 133-134). Association for Computing Machinery https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326057
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hansen, D., Shneiderman, B., & Smith, M.A. (2010). Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world. Graduate Journal of Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382229-1.00011-4
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Himelboim, I., Xiao, X., Lee, D.K.L., Wang, M.Y., & Borah, P. (2020). A social networks approach to understanding vaccine conversations on Twitter: Network clusters, sentiment, and certainty in HPV social networks. Health Communication, 35(5), 607-615. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1573446
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hornsey, M.J., Harris, E.A., & Fielding, K.S. (2018). The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation. Health Psychology, 37(4), 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000586
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Jolley, D., & Douglas, K.M. (2014). The effects of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories on vaccination intentions. PLoS ONE, 9(2), 89177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089177
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Kouzy, R., Abi-Jaoude, J., Kraitem, A., El-Alam, M.B., Karam, B., Adib, E., Zarka, J., Traboulsi, C., Akl, E., & Baddour, K. (2020). Coronavirus goes viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 misinformation epidemic on Twitter. Cureus, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7255
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
López-Rico, C.M., González-Esteban, J.L., & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Consumo de información en redes sociales durante la crisis de la COVID-19 en España. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 10(2), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2020.10(2).461-481
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Loria, S. (2020). TextBlob: Simplified text processing (0.16.0). https://bit.ly/3knzFL8
Link Google Scholar
Manfredi-Sánchez, J., Amado-Suárez, A., & Waisbord, S. (2021). Presidential Twitter in the face of COVID-19: Between populism and pop politics. [Twitter presidencial ante la COVID-19: Entre el populismo y la política pop]. Comunicar, 66, 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3916/C66-2021-07
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
McKnight, P.E., & Najab, J. (2010). Mann?Whitney U Test. In I.B. Weiner, & W.E. Craighead (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0524
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Meyer, S.B., Violette, R., Aggarwal, R., Simeoni, M., MacDougall, H., & Waite, N. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy and Web 2.0: Exploring how attitudes and beliefs about influenza vaccination are exchanged in online threaded user comments. Vaccine, 37(13), 1769-1774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.028
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Micu, A., Micu, A.E., Geru, M., & Lixandroiu, R.C. (2017). Analyzing user sentiment in social media: Implications for online marketing strategy. Psychology & Marketing, 34(12), 1094-1100. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21049
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Milani, E., Weitkamp, E., & Webb, P. (2020). The visual vaccine debate on Twitter: A social network analysis. Media and Communication, 8(2), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2847
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Oliphant, T.E. (2007). Python for scientific computing. Computing in Science & Engineering, 9(3), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.58
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Organización de Naciones Unidas (Ed.) (2020). Covid-19. Impact of the Pandemic on Trade and Development. https://bit.ly/2R4D0Eu
Link Google Scholar
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Ed.) (2020a). Cronología de la respuesta de la OMS a la COVID-19. https://bit.ly/3qV2GA7
Link Google Scholar
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Ed.) (2020b). Draft landscape and tracker of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. https://bit.ly/3snMdF6
Link Google Scholar
Ostertagova, E., Ostertag, O., & Kovác, J. (2014). Methodology and application of the Kruskal-Wallis test. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 611, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.611.115
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Poland, G.A., & Spier, R. (2010). Fear, misinformation, and innumerates: How the Wakefield paper, the press, and advocacy groups damaged the public health. Vaccine, 28(12), 2361-2362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.052
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Puente, S.N., Maceiras, S.D., & Romero, D.F. (2021). Twitter activism and ethical witnessing: Possibilities and challenges of feminist politics against gender-based violence. Social Science Computer Review, 39(2), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319864898
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Puri, N., Coomes, E.A., Haghbayan, H., & Gunaratne, K. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy: New updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 16(11), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Schmidt, A.L., Zollo, F., Scala, A., Betsch, C., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2018). Polarization of the vaccination debate on Facebook. Vaccine, 36(25), 3606-3612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.040
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Serrano-Contreras, I.J., García-Marín, J., & Luengo, O.G. (2020). Measuring online political dialogue: Does polarization trigger more deliberation? Media and Communication, 8(4), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i4.3149
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Spier, R.E. (2001). Perception of risk of vaccine adverse events: A historical perspective. Vaccine, 20(1), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00306-1
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Subrahmanian, V., Azaria, A., Durst, S., Kagan, V., Galstyan, A., Lerman, K., Zhu, L., Ferrara, E., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2016). The DARPA Twitter bot challenge. Computer, 49(6), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2016.183
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Sued-Palmeiro, G.E., & Cebral-Loureda, M. (2020). Voces autorizadas en Twitter durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Actores, léxico y sentimientos como marco interpretativo para usuarios ordinarios. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 10(2), 549-568. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2020.10(2).549-568
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
The American Journal of Managed Care (AJMC) (Ed.) (2020). A Timeline of COVID-19 Developments in 2020. https://bit.ly/3xZI7qk
Link Google Scholar
Tomeny, T.S., Vargo, C.J., & El-Toukhy, S. (2017). Geographic and demographic correlates of autism-related anti-vaccine beliefs on Twitter, 2009-15. Social Science and Medicine, 191, 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.041
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tornos-Inza, E. (2020). Tasa de interacción (engagement) en Twitter. Related: Marketing. https://bit.ly/3aSs9Vj
Link Google Scholar
Twitter (Ed.) (2021). Acerca de las cuentas verificadas de Twitter. https://bit.ly/3dGRmUF
Link Google Scholar
Vu, H.T., Do, H.V., Seo, H., & Liu, Y. (2020). Who leads the conversation on climate change? A study of a global network of NGOS on Twitter. Environmental Communication, 14(4), 450-464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2019.1687099
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
World Economic Forum (Ed.) (2021). More people now plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine than in December. https://bit.ly/3r6cQ1f
Link Google Scholar
Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of Twitter during the #MeToo movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.014
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Yang, S., Quan-Haase, A., & Rannenberg, K. (2017). The changing public sphere on Twitter: Network structure, elites and topics of the #righttobeforgotten. New Media & Society, 19(12), 1983-2002. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816651409
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Yelin, D., Wirtheim, E., Vetter, P., Kalil, A.C., Bruchfeld, J., Runold, M., Guaraldi, G., Mussini, C., Gudiol, C., Pujol, M., Bandera, A., Scudeller, L., Paul, M., Kaiser, L., & Leibovici, L. (2020). Long-term consequences of COVID-19: Research needs. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(10), 1115-1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30701-5
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
YouGov (Ed.). (2021). COVID-19 Public Monitor. COVID-19 Public Monitor. https://yougov.co.uk/COVID-19
Link Google Scholar
Zimmer, C., Corum, J., & Wee, S.L. (2021, January 11). Coronavirus vaccine tracker. The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/2NCtMxI
Link Google Scholar
技术信息
收到: 28-02-2021
修订: 12-03-2021
公认: 27-04-2021
OnlineFirst: 15-06-2021
发布日期: 01-10-2021
文章修改时间: 12 天 | 期刊编号的平均时间修订 69: 30 天
文章接受时间: 58 天 | 期刊编号的平均接受时间 69: 69 天
预印本编辑时间: 170 天 | 期刊编号的平均编辑时间预印 69: 181 天
文章编辑时间: 215 天 | 期刊编号的平均编辑时间 69: 226 天
度量
这篇文章的度量
浏览次数: 38034
对摘要的解读: 32789
PDF下载: 5245
的全部指标 69
浏览次数: 330561
对摘要的解读: 294570
PDF下载: 35991
被引用

引述 Web of Science
Mogos, AA; Grapa, TE and Sandru, TF. Russian disinformation in Eastern Europe. Vaccination media frames in ro.sputnik.md COMUNICAR 30 (72), 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3916/C72-2022-03
Cascini, F; Pantovic, A; (...); Ricciardi, W. Social media and attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature ECLINICALMEDICINE, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101454
Perez-Curiel, C; Ruas-Araujo, J and Rivas-de-Roca, R. When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About Covid-19 Vaccination MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i2.4955
Padilla-Castillo, G and Rodriguez-Hernandez, J. International Youth Movements for Climate Change: The #FridaysForFuture Case on Twitter Sustainability, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010268
Noguera-Vivo, JM; Grandio-Perez, MD; (...); Camacho, D. Disinformation and vaccines on social networks: Behavior of hoaxes on Twitter Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1820
Paredes, B; Cardaba, MAM; (...); Petty, RE. Strengthening the Link between Vaccine Predispositions and Vaccine Advocacy through Certainty VACCINES, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111970
Navarro, JT and Santofimia, EO. EU Member States' Institutional Twitter Campaigns on COVID-19 Vaccination: Analyses of Germany, Spain, France and Italy VACCINES, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030619
Perez-Curiel, C; Dominguez-Garcia, R and Velasco-Molpeceres, A. Exploring the Political Debate over the COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter: Emotions and Polarization in the Spanish Public Sphere SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020085
Des Jarlais, DC; Lieff, S; (...); Yang, L. COVID-19 stigmatization after the development of effective vaccines: Vaccination behavior, attitudes, and news sources PLOS ONE, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283467

引述 Scopus
Noguera-Vivo, J.M., Del Mar Grandío-Pérez, M., Villar-Rodríguez, G., Martín, A., Camacho, D.. Disinformation and vaccines on social networks: Behavior of hoaxes on Twitter), Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, .
https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1820
Cascini, F., Pantovic, A., Al-Ajlouni, Y.A., (...), Lontano, A., Ricciardi, W.. Social media and attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature), eClinicalMedicine, .
Link Google Scholar
Padilla-Castillo, G., Rodríguez-Hernández, J. . International Youth Movements for Climate Change: The #FridaysForFuture Case on Twitter ), Sustainability, .
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010268
Open Access Pérez‐curiel, C., Rúas‐araújo, J., Rivas‐de‐Roca, R. . When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About Covid‐19 Vaccination ), Media and Communication, .
https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i2.4955
Alina-Mogoș, Andreeaa; Grapă, Teodora-Elenab; Șandru, Teodora-Feliciab. Article• Gold Open Access Source type Journal ISSN 11343478 DOI 10.3916/C72-2022-03 View more Russian disinformation in Eastern Europe. Vaccination media frames in ro.sputnik.md), Comunicar, .
https://doi.org/10.3916/C72-2022-03
Advocacy through Certainty Open Access Paredes, B., Cárdaba, M.A.M., Moreno, L., (...), Cuesta, U., Petty, R.E. . Strengthening the Link between Vaccine Predispositions and Vaccine Advocacy through Certainty), Vaccines, .
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111970
Pérez-Curiel, C., Domínguez-García, R., Velasco-Molpeceres, A.. Exploring the Political Debate over the COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter: Emotions and Polarization in the Spanish Public Sphere), Social Sciences, .
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020085
Tuñón Navarro, J., Oporto Santofimia, E.. EU Member States’ Institutional Twitter Campaigns on COVID-19 Vaccination: Analyses of Germany, Spain, France and Italy), Vaccines, .
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030619
Des Jarlais, D.C., Lieff, S., Grivel, M., (...), Chang, V.W., Yang, L.. COVID-19 stigmatization after the development of effective vaccines: Vaccination behavior, attitudes, and news sources ), PLoS ONE, .
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283467

引述 Google Scholar
Desinformación y vacunas en redes: Comportamiento de los bulos en Twitter JMN Vivo, M del Mar Grandío… - Revista Latina de …, 2023 - dialnet.unirioja.es
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8568741
Mogoș, A. A., Grapă, T. E., & Șandru, T. F. (2022). Desinformación rusa en Europa del Este. Marcos mediáticos de la vacunación en ro. sputnik. md. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 30(72).
https://www.revistacomunicar.com/index.php?contenido=detalles&numero=72&articulo=72-2022-03
Arias-Chávez, D., Espejo, R. W. A., Juro, R. C., Tovar, J. C., & Latour, J. E. P. (2022). Scientific Production on Social Networks during the COVID 19 Pandemic. Webology, 19(1).
https://www.webology.org/data-cms/articles/20220122102315pmWEB19144.pdf
Pérez-Curiel, C., Rúas-Araújo, J., & Rivas-de-Roca, R. (2022). When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About Covid-19 Vaccination. Media and Communication, 10(2), 157-168.
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/4955
Mogos, A. A., Grapa, T. E., & Sandru, T. F. (2022). Desinformación rusa en Europa del Este. Marcos mediáticos de la vacunación en ro. sputnik. md. Comunicar: Revista científica iberoamericana de comunicación y educación, (72), 33-46.
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8485682
Cascini, F., Pantovic, A., Al-Ajlouni, Y. A., Failla, G., Puleo, V., Melnyk, A., ... & Ricciardi, W. (2022). Social media and attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature. EClinicalMedicine, 101454.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022001845
Mogoș, A. A., Grapă, T. E., & Șandru, T. F. (2022). Russian disinformation in Eastern Europe. Vaccination media frames in ro. sputnik. md. Comunicar, 30(72), 33-46.
http://eprints.rclis.org/43427/
Análisis de sentimientos y tópicos sobre las vacunas cubanas Soberana 02 y Abdala en Twitter AR Sánchez, LMR González… - Revista Cubana de …, 2023 - acimed.sld.cu
https://acimed.sld.cu/index.php/acimed/article/view/2261