Palavras chave

Teoria da conspiração, métodos de retificação, COVID-19, audiências, relações China-Estados Unidos, influência midiática

Resumo

Entre as crescentes discussões sobre os estilos argumentativos das teorias da conspiração e os processos cognitivos relacionados de seu público, os estudos até agora são limitados no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de métodos e estratégias que poderiam desacreditar eficazmente as teorias da conspiração e reduzir as influências prejudiciais da exposição aos meios de comunicação conspirativos. O presente estudo avalia de modo crítico a efetividade de cinco abordagens para reduzir a crença em conspirações, por meio de experimentos (N=607) realizados na Amazon Mechanical Turk. Nossos resultados demonstram que os métodos baseados no conteúdo ao enfrentar as teorias da conspiração podem diminuir parcialmente as crenças conspiratórias. Especificamente, as correções focadas na ciência e nos fatos foram capazes de mitigar eficazmente as crenças na conspiração, enquanto as estratégias de alfabetização midiática e inoculação não produziram mudanças significativas. Mais importante ainda, nossos achados ilustram que ambos os métodos centrados no público, que implicam decodificar o mito da teoria da conspiração e reimaginar as relações intergrupais, foram efetivos para reduzir a aceitação cognitiva da teoria da conspiração. Baseado nesses conhecimentos, este estudo contribui para um exame sistemático de diferentes meios epistemológicos para influenciar (ou não) as crenças conspiratórias, uma tarefa urgente diante da evidente ameaça infodêmica, tanto durante como depois da pandemia de COVID-19.

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Recebido: 16-02-2021

Revisado: 19-03-2021

Aceite: 27-04-2021

OnlineFirst: 15-06-2021

Data de publicação: 01-10-2021

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 31 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 69: 30 dias

Tempo de aceitação do artigo: 69 dias | Tempo médio de aceitação do número 69: 68 dias

Tempo de edição da pré-impressão: 181 dias | Tempo médio de edição pré-impressão do número 69: 180 dias

Tempo de processamento do artigo: 226 dias | Tempo médio de processamento do número 69: 225 dias

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