Sebastian Wachs, Universidad de Potsdam (Alemania)
Alexander WeJEtstein, Universidad de Formación del Profesorado de Berna (Suiza)
Ludwig Bilz, Universidad Tecnológica de Brandenburgo Cottbus (Alemania)
Manuel Gámez-Guadix, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España)
Palabras clave
Discurso de odio, ciberodio, motivos, normas sociales, normas cautelares, presión de los pares
Resumen
El discurso de odio se ha convertido en un fenómeno generalizado. Sin embargo, todavía no está claro por qué los adolescentes se involucran en el discurso de odio y qué factores están asociados con las motivaciones para perpetrarlo. Con esta finalidad, desarrollamos una medida multidimensional, la «Escala de Motivaciones para Perpetrar Discurso de Odio» (MHATE), y evaluamos sus propiedades psicométricas. Asimismo, investigamos las asociaciones entre las normas sociales y las motivaciones para participar en el discurso de odio. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 346 adolescentes suizos (54,6% chicos; Medad=14; DT=0,96) que informaron haber perpetrado discurso de odio. Los análisis revelaron buenas propiedades psicométricas de MHATE, incluyendo adecuada consistencia interna. La subescala con mayor frecuencia fue venganza, seguida de las de ideología, conformidad con el grupo, mejora del estatus, regocijo y poder. Las normas descriptivas y la presión de iguales estuvieron relacionadas con varias motivaciones para perpetrar discurso de odio. Las normas prescriptivas, sin embargo, solo se asociaron con el poder. En conclusión, los hallazgos indican que el discurso de odio cumple varias funciones. Conocer las motivaciones específicas para el discurso de odio ayuda a derivar estrategias de intervención individualmente adaptadas (ej., manejo de la ira, promover un clima escolar inclusivo). Además, sugerimos que los profesionales que trabajan en la prevención del discurso de odio presten especial atención a las normas sociales que rodean a los adolescentes.
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Ficha técnica
Recibido: 22-09-2021
Revisado: 09-11-2021
Aceptado: 03-12-2021
OnlineFirst: 01-02-2022
Fecha publicación: 01-04-2022
Tiempo de revisión del artículo : 48 (en días) | Media de tiempo de revisión de los manuscritos del número 71: 45 (en días)
Tiempo de aceptación del artículo: 72 (en días) | Media tiempo aceptación de los manuscritos del número 71: 70 (en días)
Tiempo de edición OnlineFirst: 146 (en días) | Media tiempo edición de los OnlineFirst del número 71: 144 (en días)
Tiempo de publicacicón final del artículo: 191 (en días) | Media tiempo de publicación final de los articulos del número 71: 189 (en días)
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Wachs, S., WeJEtstein, A., Bilz, L., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2022). Adolescents’ motivations to perpetrate hate speech and links with social norms. [Motivos del discurso de odio en la adolescencia y su relación con las normas sociales]. Comunicar, 71, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.3916/C71-2022-01