Motivações dos adolescentes para perpetrar discursos de ódio e suas relações com as normas sociais

 Sebastian Wachs, Potsdam (Alemanha)

 Alexander WeJEtstein, Berna (Suíça)

 Ludwig Bilz, Senftenberg (Alemanha)

 Manuel Gámez-Guadix, Madrid (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C71-2022-01

Palavras chave

Discurso de ódio, ciberódio, motivos, normas sociais, normas de precaução, pressão dos pares

Resumo

O discurso de ódio se converteu em um fenômeno generalizado. Apesar disso, hoje não está claro por que os adolescentes se envolvem no discurso de ódio e quais fatores estão associados com as motivações para perpetrá-lo. Com a finalidade de conhecer este processo, desenvolvemos uma medida multidimensional, a «Escala de Motivações para Perpetrar Discurso de Ódio» (MHATE), e avaliamos suas propriedades psicométricas. Além disso, investigamos as associações entre as normas sociais e as motivações para tomar parte na disseminação de um discurso de ódio. A amostra foi composta por 346 adolescentes suíços (54,6% meninos; Idade média=14; DP=0,96) que relataram ter perpetrado discursos de ódio. As análises revelaram boas propriedades psicométricas do MHATE, incluindo consistência interna adequada. A subescala mais frequente foi vingança, seguida de ideologia, conformidade grupal, valorização do status, alegria e poder. As normas descritivas e a pressão dos pares foram relacionadas a várias motivações para perpetrar o discurso de ódio. As normas prescritivas, no entanto, estavam associadas apenas ao poder. Em conclusão, os resultados indicam que o discurso de ódio cumpre várias funções. Conhecer as motivações específicas para o discurso de ódio ajuda a derivar estratégias de intervenção personalizadas (por exemplo, controle da raiva, promoção de um clima escolar inclusivo). Além disso, sugerimos que os profissionais que trabalham na prevenção do discurso de ódio prestem atenção especial às normas sociais que envolvem os adolescentes.

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Recebido: 22-09-2021

Revisado: 09-11-2021

Aceite: 03-12-2021

OnlineFirst: 01-02-2022

Data de publicação: 01-04-2022

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 48 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 71: 45 dias

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