Keywords

Cuentas falsas, desinformación, polarización, elecciones, indonesia, redes sociales

Abstract

Las cuentas falsas han evolucionado de ser meras herramientas de engaño en línea a convertirse en infraestructuras estratégicas de manipulación política que moldean sistemáticamente la opinión pública e intensifican la polarización. Este estudio busca revelar cómo dichas cuentas operan como actores coordinados que aprovechan la arquitectura de las plataformas para amplificar narrativas divisivas en la esfera pública digital de Indonesia. Mediante un flujo de trabajo de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN) —que abarca la recopilación de datos, el preprocesamiento, el modelado de temas, el análisis de sentimiento y el mapeo interpretativo—, la investigación analizó 8.102 publicaciones generadas por 100 cuentas falsas identificadas en X (Twitter) e Instagram. Los hallazgos revelan que las narrativas negativas y cargadas de contenido moral —aunque representan una pequeña fracción del contenido total— impulsan de manera desproporcionada la interacción y la viralidad, especialmente en X, cuya arquitectura abierta facilita la difusión masiva. En cambio, el diseño de red privada de Instagram confina el contenido manipulador a círculos cerrados, lo que sugiere la existencia de estrategias de desinformación diferenciadas. El estudio aporta nueva evidencia empírica sobre cómo los actores no auténticos se valen de la lógica de las plataformas para influir en el sentimiento colectivo. Más allá de las implicaciones teóricas, se recomiendan intervenciones multinivel —mediante educación en alfabetización digital, reformas en la gobernanza de las plataformas y supervisión regulatoria— para mitigar los riesgos sistémicos asociados al comportamiento no auténtico coordinado.

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Fundref

This research was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology – Directorate General of Research and Development, Republic of Indonesia through the Basic Research Scheme, 2025.

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Technical information

Received: 2025-09-19 | Reviewed: 2025-11-04 | Accepted: 2025-11-25 | Online First: 2026-07-17 | Published: 2026-07-19

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Rendra Widyatama., Imam Adi Nata., Muhammad Thoyib Amali., Endah Sari Manganti., Olivia Istifany. (2026). Cuentas falsas y manipulación política: análisis temático y de sentimientos en Indonesia. Comunicar, 34(86). 10.5281/zenodo.21298626

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