Sıla İnceağaç Music Teacher, Kastamonu Provincial Directorate of National Education, Ministry of National Education, Kastamonu, (Türkiye)
Prof. Dr. Muammer Ergün Faculty Member, Department of Educational Sciences, Division of Educational Administration, Faculty of Education, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu,Music Teacher, Kastamonu Provincial Directorate of National Education, Ministry of National Education, Kastamonu, (Türkiye)
Keywords
Cultura escolar, liderazgo transaccional, agotamiento docente, cultura organizacional, liderazgo educativo, bienestar docente
Abstract
El agotamiento docente continúa siendo un desafío persistente en la educación contemporánea, a pesar de las reformas en curso, las iniciativas de transformación digital y los esfuerzos de mejora impulsados por las políticas educativas. En Türkiye, el incremento de las exigencias burocráticas, las presiones derivadas de los sistemas de evaluación centrados en los exámenes y las crecientes expectativas respecto a la rendición de cuentas del profesorado han intensificado el agotamiento emocional y han reducido la realización profesional. Aunque el liderazgo y la cultura escolar son reconocidos como determinantes clave de estos resultados, siguen siendo limitados los modelos empíricos que integran simultáneamente las subdimensiones del liderazgo, los mecanismos culturales y los moderadores contextuales. Para abordar esta brecha, el presente estudio analiza cómo tres estilos de liderazgo transaccional—la gestión activa por excepción, la gestión pasiva por excepción y el liderazgo basado en recompensas—influyen en el agotamiento emocional y la realización personal del profesorado a través de la cultura organizacional, y si estas relaciones difieren entre escuelas primarias y secundarias. Mediante un diseño correlacional, se recopilaron datos de 701 docentes que trabajan en escuelas públicas de las provincias de Kastamonu y Bart?n. Para examinar las trayectorias estructurales, se realizaron análisis de mediación moderada empleando los Modelos 14 y 59 de PROCESS de Hayes, con 5.000 muestras bootstrap. Los resultados revelaron que el liderazgo pasivo incrementó significativamente el agotamiento emocional, especialmente en las escuelas secundarias, mientras que el liderazgo basado en recompensas redujo el agotamiento de manera indirecta al fortalecer la cultura orientada al logro. Tanto el liderazgo activo como el basado en recompensas incrementaron la realización personal a través de la cultura orientada a las tareas, mientras que el liderazgo pasivo la debilitó al erosionar las normas vinculadas al logro y al trabajo. En conjunto, los resultados demuestran que el liderazgo ejerce su influencia sobre el agotamiento docente principalmente mediante el clima cultural de las escuelas, más que a través de acciones directivas directas. Estos hallazgos constituyen una contribución novedosa al presentar uno de los primeros modelos integrales en el contexto turco que examina simultáneamente las subdimensiones del liderazgo transaccional, tres mediadores culturales y la moderación del nivel escolar. En términos prácticos, el estudio destaca la importancia de promover entornos orientados al éxito y a las tareas, implementar sistemas de recompensas transparentes y significativos, y reducir la carga burocrática—estrategias que pueden fortalecer el bienestar docente, la resiliencia emocional y el desarrollo profesional sostenible.
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Technical information
Received: 2025-10-24 | Reviewed: 2025-11-24 | Accepted: 2026-01-22 | Online First: 2026-07-17 | Published: 2026-07-19
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Sıla İnceağaç., Prof. Dr. Muammer Ergün. (2026). El papel moderador del nivel escolar en el efecto de los estilos de liderazgo y la cultura escolar sobre el agotamiento docente. Comunicar, 34(86). 10.5281/zenodo.21362856