Keywords

Juguetes con IA, robots educativos, áreas de desarrollo, niños, análisis de contenido

Abstract

Los juegos y robots que incorporan inteligencia artificial (IA) se encuentran entre los muchos dispositivos que usan tecnología avanzada y que son parte del ecosistema del Internet de las Cosas (IdC). Estas tecnologías se han ido incorporando rápidamente a la vida cotidiana de los niños y niñas (para el entretenimiento y el aprendizaje). Los dispositivos IdC en el ámbito educativo se caracterizan por su capacidad para conectarse a través de Wi-Fi o Bluetooth, su diseño personalizado y sus sensores integrados. Solo unos pocos estudios han explorado si y cómo estos elementos se adaptan al desarrollo y el aprendizaje de los niños y niñas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características y funcionalidades de los juegos y robots con IA, así como sus posibles implicaciones en las aulas de educación infantil y otros entornos educativos. Se emplea un análisis del contenido mediante observación estructurada y un enfoque de análisis cuantitativo para examinar las características de 20 juegos y robots con IA disponibles en el mercado. Los resultados sugieren que en algunos contextos de educación infantil, se podrían introducir y usar juegos con IA como recurso educativo, en función de su potencial para el aprendizaje y de la experiencia de juego de los niños. El análisis revela una copresencia en estos juegos de elementos relacionados con el desarrollo socioemocional infantil, el uso de visión por ordenador y del procesamiento del lenguaje natural Igualmente, las características que podrían promocionar a través del juego el desarrollo físico y motor se asocian con la posibilidad de movimiento y gestos de los dispositivos. Las asociaciones encontradas entre las funcionalidades presentes en los juegos y robots que incorporan AI sugieren que podrían utilizarse con fines educativos concretos, lo que concuerda con estudios empíricos previos, tales como la interactividad, las habilidades de pensamiento, el desarrollo físico y el aprendizaje social. Por otra parte, las implicaciones asociadas a la captura de datos indican la necesidad de reforzar la privacidad de estos juegos y abordar los riesgos asociados a su uso.

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Fundref

This work was partially supported by the Foundation of the Open University of Catalonia under Internal Grant of the Predoctoral Program, Ramon y Cajal [RYC2021-031152-I] and under grant European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR and funding from the Research Accelerator program “Veus - Voice and Emotion Understanding System” by Open University of Catalonia.

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Received: 2025-12-05 | Reviewed: 2026-01-23 | Accepted: 2026-02-12 | Online First: 2026-07-12 | Published: 2026-07-19

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Athifah Utami., Prof. Lucrezia Crescenzi-Lanna. (2026). Análisis de las características de los juguetes y robots con inteligencia artificial en los ámbitos del desarrollo y las habilidades de aprendizaje de los niños. Comunicar, 34(86). 10.5281/zenodo.21415576

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