A transformação da televisão aberta em serviços digitais na BBC e na RTVE

 Mercedes Medina-Laverón, Pamplona (Espanha)

 Teresa Ojer-Goñi, Zaragoza (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C36-2011-02-09

Palavras chave

Serviços online, serviços digitais, inovação, transformação, televisões públicas

Resumo

Alguns estudiosos questionam a permanência das televisões abertas em um novo entorno digital, caracterizado por uma maior presença da internet, mais competidores e a fragmentação da audiência. Contudo, existem outros que acreditam que deveriam agir como uma força motriz no processo de convergência e, inclusive, que os novos meios representam uma possibilidade de redefinir a missão das televisões abertas. O desafio atual das corporações públicas é proporcionar os conteúdos através do maior número de suportes possíveis, não só através da televisão, mas também através da internet e de dispositivos móveis. Uma característica da BBC é sempre ter se adaptado às mudanças do mercado e muitas de suas soluções foram transferidas para outras empresas de comunicação, tanto públicas como privadas de todo o mundo. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar como a BBC é um dos modelos que as empresas televisivas observaram para transformar seus serviços digitais a fim de manter sua existência no mercado, e conhecer qual foi sua influência na televisão aberta espanhola RVE. A metodologia utilizada reside na análise dos documentos internos e externos da companhia e entrevistas realizadas aos responsáveis dos serviços digitais da RTVE. As conclusões apontam que estas companhias adaptaram suas atividades às novas tecnologias e desenvolveram serviços interativos como reforço da sua missão de serviço público.

Referências

Azurmendi, A. (2007). Televisión Española (TVE): La reforma de RTVE, in Azurmendi, A. (Dir.). La reforma de la televisión pública española. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch; 269-334.

Link Google Scholar

BBC (2004). Building Public Value. Renewing the BBC for a Digital World. London: BBC.

Link Google Scholar

BBC (2008). BBC Annual Reports and Accounts 2007-2008. London: BBC.

Link Google Scholar

BBC (2009). BBC Annual Reports and Accounts 2008-2009. London: BBC.

Link Google Scholar

Blake, A. & al. (1999). Can Public-Service Broadcasters Fulfil Their Mission in Today's Deregulated Television Environment? The Answer, for the Time, Is Yes. The McKinsey Quarterly, 4; 18-28.

Link Google Scholar

Christensen, C.M. & Overdorf, M (2000). Meeting the challenge of disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, March-April; 67-76.

Link Google Scholar

Comité de Sabios (2005). Informe para la Reforma de los Medios de Comunicación de Titularidad del Estado (Report on the Reform of Media Owned by the Spanish State), February: Madrid.

Link Google Scholar

DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport) (2004). Independent Review of BBC Online (Philip Graft Report), 5 July (www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/BBCOnlinereview.pdf) (21-09-2009).

Link Google Scholar

DCMS (Department for Culture, Media and Sport) (2009). Digital Britain, Cm 7650, London: DCMS.

Link Google Scholar

Eisenhardt, K.M. & Brown S.L. (1999). Patching: Restricting Business Portfolios in Dynamic Markets. Harvard Business Review, May-June; 72-82.

Link Google Scholar

Enli, G.S. (2008). Redefining Public Service Broadcasting: Multi-Platform Participation. Convergence, 14; 105-20.

Link Google Scholar

García, A. (2009). La participación ciudadana en la web de noticias de la BBC. Perspectivas de la Comunicación, 53; 6-7.

Link Google Scholar

Hills, J. & Michalis, M. (2000). The Internet: A Challenge for Public Broadcasting? Gazette, 62 (6); 477-493.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Jakubowicz, K. (2007). Public Service Broadcasting in the 21st Century. What Chance for a New Beginning? in Lowe, G.F. & Bardoel, J. (Eds.). From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media. Göteborg: Nordicom; 29-50.

Link Google Scholar

Kiss, J. (2007). BBC Annual Report: New Media. MediaGuardian, Tuesday 3 July. (www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jul/03/newmedia.bbc) (03-10-2009).

Link Google Scholar

Klontzas, M. (2006). Digitalization and the BBC: The Net Effect, in Leandros, N. (Ed.). The Impact of Internet on the Mass Media in Europe, UK: ASK House; 607-619.

Link Google Scholar

Küng, L. & al. (2008). The Internet and the Mass Media. Los Angeles: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Küng, L. (2003). When Old Dogs Learn New Tricks: The Launch of BBC News Online. Switzerland: ECCH Collection, University of St Gallen.

Link Google Scholar

Küng, L. (2008). Strategic Management in the Media: Theory to Practice. London: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Law 17/2006, the Spanish Radio and Television State Owned, June.

Link Google Scholar

Lloret, R. (2008a). Interview by Varela, J. in Soitu.es (www.soitu.es/soitu/2008/05/13/sociedad cableada/1210676254_421988/I) (13-09-2009).

Link Google Scholar

Lloret, R. (2008b). Interview by Sabate, J. in Consumer Eroski (www.consumer.es/web/es/tecnologia/internet/2008/05/22/177080.php) (13-09-2009).

Link Google Scholar

Medina, M. & Ojer, T. (2009). Cumplimiento del servicio público de televisión. Comparación entre la BBC y RTVE. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 64; 275-299. [http://www.revistalatinacs.org/09/art/24_823_42_ULEPICC_11/Medina_y_Ojer.html]

Link Google Scholar

Medina, M. & Ojer, T. (2010). The new Spanish Public Service Broadcasting Model. Comunicación y Sociedad, 23(2).

Link Google Scholar

Medina, M. (2007). Financiación de la Televisión Pública en Europa, in Moreno, E. & al. (Eds.). Los desafíos de la televisión pública en Europa. Pamplona: Eunsa; 41-63.

Link Google Scholar

Meier, H.E. (2003). Beyond Convergence. Understanding Programming Strategies of Public Broadcasters in Competitive Environments. European Journal of Communication, 18 (3); 337-65.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Milmo, D. (2006). BBC website to carry adverts, MediaGuardian 28 June. (www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/jun/28/bbc.business) (05-10-2009).

Link Google Scholar

Moe, H. (2008). Public Service Media Online? Regulating Public Broadcasters´ Internet Services. A Comparative Analysis. Television & New Media, 9; 220-238.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Monroe, E.P. et al. (2008). New Technologies and International Broadcasting: Reflections on Adaptations and Transformations. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616; 150-172.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Ojer, T. (2009). La BBC, un Modelo de Gestión Audiovisual en Tiempos de Crisis. Madrid: Euroeditions.

Link Google Scholar

Oliver, L. (2008). OPA 08: 47% of Weekly Unique Users to BBC News Site are non-UK, Journalism.co.uk, May 15th. (http://blogs.journalism.co.uk/editors/2008/05/15/opa-conference-2008-47-of-weekly-unique-users-to-bbc-news-site-are-non-uk/) (08-10-2009).

Link Google Scholar

Paulussen, S. & Coppens, T. (2004). How Public Broadcasters Use their Websites in Times of Elections, in Salaverría, R. & Sádaba, C. (Eds.) Towards New Media paradigms. Pamplona, Ediciones Eunate; 481-509.

Link Google Scholar

Pinheiro, L. (2009). Deputy Director of New Projects, Online Questionnaire. Paper Reviewing and Authors Interview, 25 May 2009.

Link Google Scholar

Prado, E. & Fernández, D. (2006). The Role of Public Service Broadcasters in the Era of Convergence. A case study of the Television de Catalunya. Communication and Strategies 62 (2nd quarter); 49-69.

Link Google Scholar

Ramírez, A. & Sanchis G. (2008). Información Audiovisual: del Canal Analógico a Youtube. Las Cadenas Nacionales de Televisión en el Portal de Moda, in Sabés, F. & Verón, J. (Eds.) Internet como Sinónimo de Convergencia Mediática y Tecnológica. Asociación de la Prensa de Aragón, Zaragoza; 196-211.

Link Google Scholar

Steemers, J. (2003). Public Service Broadcasting Is Not Dead Yet, in Hujanen, T. & Lowe G.F. (Eds.). Broadcasting and Convergence. New Articulations of the Public Service Remit. Göteborg: Nordicom; 123-136.

Link Google Scholar

Storsul, T. & Syvertsen, T. (2007). The Impact of Convergence on European Television Policy. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13 (3); 275-291.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Syvertsen, T. (2003). Challenges to Public Television in the Era of Convergence and Commercialization. Television & New Media 4 (2); 155-175.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Tapscott, D. & Williams, A. (2008). Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Portfolio Trade.

Link Google Scholar

The Economist (2009). Tossed by a Gale. Briefing the News Business. The Economist, September; 73-75.

Link Google Scholar

Tracey, M. (1998). The Decline and Fall of Public Service. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Link Google Scholar

Trappel, J. (2008). Online Media within the Public Service Realm? Reasons to Include Online into the Public Service Mission. Convergence, 14; 313-322.

Link Google Scholar

Walzer-Moskovic, A. & Retis-Rivas, J. (2008). Modelos de servicio público en Europa: análisis comparativo de TVE y BBC. Comunicar 31.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Wildman, S. (2008). Interactive Channels and the Challenge of Content Budgeting. The International Journal on Media Management, 10 (3); 91-101.

Link Google Scholar

Fundref

Este trabalho não tem nenhum apoio financeiro

Crossmark

Technical information

Métricas

Métricas deste artigo

Vistas: 42125

Leituras dos resumos: 34354

Descargas em PDF: 7771

Métricas completas do Comunicar 36

Vistas: 916431

Leituras dos resumos: 733561

Descargas em PDF: 182870

Citado por