The Impact of the Generative Artificial Intelligence Application “ChatGPT” on the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election: Measurement and Ethical Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21415929Keywords:
Chatgpt, Language Models, Artificial Intelligence, Election Campaign, Content Analysis, Frame AnalysisAbstract
The contemporary applications of artificial intelligence are rapidly expanding across various areas of society, increasingly influencing politics and political communication. This study examines the role of AI in the electoral process through an analysis of texts generated by “ChatGPT” in response to queries related to the two main candidates in the 2024 U.S. presidential election — Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. The main goal of this study is to determine the presence or absence of specific ethical and symbolic elements in AI-generated content that may influence individual and collective perception. To achieve this, a secondary objective is formulated: the aim of the study is to identify the content and semantic characteristics of these texts. The research is based on quantitative content analysis and frame analysis. The dataset included 41 text queries with a total volume of 3,503 generated words. The results show that the longest texts are generated in response to questions concerning the potential role of the candidates in addressing socially significant issues rather than their personal or professional qualities. Two main frames were identified: “Effective Politician” and “Ineffective Politician.” Their frequency and the key expressions associated with each frame were determined. The overall conclusion is that in the texts generated by ChatGPT, the “Effective Politician” frame appears more frequently in texts about Kamala Harris than in texts about Donald Trump. Drawing on the ethical “good-bad” dichotomy, a certain stereotype can sometimes be traced within the information array, which may be expressed as follows: “Harris is more likely to solve the stated problem, while Trump may or may not.” Several recommendations for users are proposed that could mitigate the influence of such ethical-logical constructs. The study concludes that the “Effective Politician” frame appears more frequently in texts about Kamala Harris than in texts about Donald Trump. The ethical implications of the influence of such tools on individuals’ political views are also examined.
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