Keywords

Investigación formativa, competencias investigativas, IBPT, tecnología educativa, kit educativo STEM, educación superior.

Abstract

La investigación formativa constituye un componente fundamental de la educación superior, particularmente en universidades públicas donde aún se evidencian limitaciones en el desarrollo temprano de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la efectividad del enfoque de Investigación Basada en Problemas y Tecnología (IBPT), integrado con un kit educativo STEM y programación visual, para el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en estudiantes de ingeniería y enfermería de universidades públicas del Perú. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño cuasi experimental de tipo pretest–postest y muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Participaron 110 estudiantes de primer año, quienes desarrollaron proyectos de investigación formativa orientados a problemáticas de su entorno local mediante el uso de recursos tecnológicos innovadores. La evaluación de las competencias investigativas se realizó considerando las cuatro fases del enfoque IBPT: comprensión del problema, elaboración de actividades, ejecución de actividades y revisión de la solución. Los resultados evidenciaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas (p < 0.05) en todas las fases evaluadas, tanto en estudiantes de ingeniería como de enfermería. Los mayores avances se observaron en la fase de revisión de la solución, lo que refleja el fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico, experimentación, la optimización, la autonomía y la actitud crítica. Asimismo, no se identificaron diferencias significativas entre ambas carreras respecto al uso de los recursos tecnológicos, lo que evidencia la aplicabilidad transversal del enfoque IBPT en diferentes disciplinas académicas. Se concluye que la integración del enfoque IBPT con tecnologías educativas accesibles favorece el aprendizaje activo, la experimentación y la transferencia del conocimiento a contextos reales, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de las competencias investigativas en estudiantes universitarios.

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Received: 2026-02-06 | Reviewed: 2026-03-11 | Accepted: 2026-08-07 | Online First: 2026-10-01 | Published: 2026-10-05

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Ronald Paucar-Curasma., Roberto Florentino Unsihuay-Tovar., Sara Hermelinda Gonzales Agama. (2026). Kit STEM y enfoque IBPT para desarrollar competencias investigativas en estudiantes de ingeniería y enfermería. Comunicar, 34(87). 10.5281/zenodo.23183137

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