Keywords
Actitudes hacia la IA, alfabetización en inteligencia artificial, análisis factorial confirmatorio, educación superior, ética digital, validación psicométrica.
Abstract
La acelerada integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación superior ha incrementado la necesidad de contar con instrumentos válidos capaces de evaluar la alfabetización en IA más allá de las habilidades técnicas, incorporando dimensiones actitudinales y éticas. A pesar del creciente interés internacional por la alfabetización en IA, siguen siendo escasos los instrumentos validados para contextos universitarios latinoamericanos, lo que limita el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas y políticas institucionales basadas en evidencia. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la estructura factorial de la escala ECAE-IA, un instrumento de 14 ítems diseñado para evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y conciencia ética sobre el uso de la IA en estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicó un diseño no experimental, transversal e instrumental a una muestra de 408 estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad del noreste de México. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mediante el estimador DWLS confirmó un excelente ajuste del modelo trifactorial correlacionado (CFI = .997; TLI = .996; RMSEA = .057; SRMR = .048). Las cargas factoriales estandarizadas oscilaron entre .607 y .894. La fiabilidad fue excelente tanto a nivel global (? = .915; ? = .917) como dimensional. Asimismo, se confirmó la validez convergente y discriminante. Los hallazgos respaldan al ECAE-IA como un instrumento psicométricamente robusto para evaluar la alfabetización en IA en educación superior, integrando dimensiones cognitivas, actitudinales y éticas en un único marco de evaluación. La escala ofrece utilidad práctica para diagnosticar perfiles de alfabetización en IA, diseñar intervenciones educativas basadas en evidencia y fortalecer políticas institucionales orientadas a una integración responsable de la IA en la educación superior.
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Technical information
Received: 2026-04-27 | Reviewed: 2026-05-26 | Accepted: 2026-06-01 | Online First: 2026-10-01 | Published: 2026-10-05
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José Luis Girarte Guillén., Mariana Cavazos Ruiz. (2026). Medición de la alfabetización en inteligencia artificial en educación superior: Validación de la escala ECAE-IA. Comunicar, 34(87). 10.5281/zenodo.23192927