知识结构在成人成就中的作用。从专家操作角度来看

 Antoni Castelló-Tarrida, Barcelona (西班牙)

 Ramón Cladellas-Pros, Barcelona (西班牙)

 Joaquín Limonero-García, Barcelona (西班牙)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C60-2019-05

关键词

成就，专家，知识结构，高能力，大脑，技术，天生论，成人

摘要

被鉴定为高能力的成人的表现很少被研究。存在的研究结果表明，这类人的杰出成就发生率远低于那些儿童期或青年时期被确定为高能力的群体。在这些高能力成人中，取得成就的情况相对较少。本文侧重于分析与高能力和生成个人知识结构机会相关的传记变量的频率，其对支持已显示出杰出成就的人的创新。 研究对120个人的样本进行了回顾性传记分析，这些人在二十世纪的不同领域创造了卓越成就。与高能力相关的评估变量是：早熟、学习问题、在学校的社会问题和学术成就。和生成创新与非常规知识结构的相关变量是：学术 - 专业的连续性、个人和高产的影响力。研究结果发现了显著性差异，表明前四个变量的出现率较低，而后三个变量较高。因此可以推测，获得杰出成就的进程似乎与高水平智力资源无关，而是与充足资源，即无论是头脑资源还是外部技术支持资源，的特定使用相关。

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Fundref

This research was financed within the framework of the research project ‘High intellectual capacity: management of cognitive resources and expression of talent’ financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (EDU 2016-78440-P).

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技术信息

收到: 29-12-2018

修订: 06-02-2019

公认: 19-02-2019

OnlineFirst: 15-05-2019

发布日期: 01-07-2019

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