Palabras clave
Ciberostracismo, exclusión social, Ostracism Online, redes sociales, ansiedad social, emociones
Resumen
Este estudio se centra en el efecto del ostracismo cibernético en los sitios de redes sociales. Sobre la base de un modelo de necesidad temporal-amenaza del ostracismo, analizamos el efecto en reacciones reflexivas, específicamente el empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza a cuatro necesidades fundamentales (sentido de pertenencia, autoestima, existencia con sentido y control), y la reacción reflexiva en forma de comportamiento prosocial, antisocial o evasivo. También nos concentramos en el papel que desempeña la ansiedad social. Mediante el uso de la herramienta experimental Ostracism Online (Ostracismo en línea), realizamos un experimento en línea en el que se manipuló el ostracismo, se midieron las reacciones reflexivas autoinformadas en un juego financiero cooperativo recientemente desarrollado. Los participantes fueron 196 adultos jóvenes checos (de 18 a 30 años; 62% mujeres). T-tests demostraron empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza más alta en las cuatro necesidades fundamentales en la etapa reflexiva de los participantes ostracidos. Los modelos de regresión mostraron que la ansiedad social tenía poco efecto en las reacciones reflexivas, pero no moderaba el efecto del ostracismo. El tipo de necesidad amenazada y ansiedad social no predijo la reacción reflexiva; el único indicador significativo de la respuesta antisocial fue el ostracismo experimentado. Incluso una forma leve de ostracismo en forma de falta de reacciones por parte de extraños a la publicación compartida puede dar lugar a consecuencias emocionales y conductuales negativas.
Referencias
Ayduk, Ö., Gyurak, A., & Luerssen, A. (2008). Individual differences in the rejection – aggression link in the hot sauce paradigm: The case of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 775-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.07.004
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Burrow, A.L., & Rainone, N. (2017). How many likes did I get? Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.005
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Chester, D.S., & DeWall, C.N. (2016). Sound the alarm: The effect of narcissism on retaliatory aggression is moderated by dACC reactivity to rejection. Journal of Personality, 84(3), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12164
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Donate, A.P.G., Marques, L.M., Lapenta, O.M., Asthana, M.K., Amodio, D., & Boggio, P.S. (2017). Ostracism via virtual chat room—Effects on basic needs, anger and pain. PLoS ONE, 12(9), e0184215. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184215
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Eisenberger, N.I., Lieberman, M.D., & Williams, K.D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hartgerink, C.H.J., van Beest I., Wicherts J.M., & Williams K.D. (2015). The ordinal effects of ostracism: A meta-analysis of 120 Cyberball studies. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0127002. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127002
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hayes, R.A., Carr, C.T., & Wohn, D.Y. (2016). One click, many meanings: Interpreting paralinguistic digital affordances in social media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 60(1), 171-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2015.1127248
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hayes, R.A., Wesselmann, E.D., & Carr, C.T. (2018). When nobody “Likes” you: Perceived ostracism through paralinguistic digital affordances within social media. Social Media + Society, 4(3), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118800309
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Kowalski, R.M., Giumetti, G.W., Schroeder, A.N., & Lattanner, M.R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Kupper, N., & Denollet, J. (2012). Social anxiety in the general population: Introducing abbreviated versions of SIAS and SPS. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(1-2), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.014
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
McCord, B., Rodebaugh, T.L., & Levinson, C.A. (2014). Facebook: Social uses and anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.020
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Miller, R.S. (2009). Social anxiousness, shyness, and embarrassability. In M.R. Leary, & R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 176-191). The Guilford Press. https://bit.ly/3myP2k4
Link Google Scholar
Peduzzi, P., Concato, J., Kemper, E., Holford, T.R., & Feinstein, A.R. (1996). A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49(12), 1373-1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00236-3
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Reich, S., Schneider, F.M., & Heling, L. (2018). Zero Likes - Symbolic interactions and need satisfaction online. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.043
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ren, D., Wesselmann, E.D., & Williams, K.D. (2018). Hurt people hurt people: Ostracism and aggression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.026
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ryan, T., Allen, K.A., Gray, D.L., & McInerney, D.M. (2017). How social are social media? A review of online social behaviour and connectedness. Journal of Relationships Research, 8, e8. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2017.13
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Schneider, F.M., Zwillich, B., Bindl, M.J., Hopp, F.R., Reich, S., & Vorderer, P. (2017). Social media ostracism: The effects of being excluded online. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.052
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Scissors, L., Burke, M., & Wengrovitz, S. (2016). What's in a Like? Attitudes and behaviors around receiving Likes on Facebook. In CSCW '16: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp. 1501-1510). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820066
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tobin, S.J., McDermott, S., & French, L. (2018). The role of group size in reactions to ostracism and inclusion. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21(7), 1014-1033. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430217702723
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tobin, S.J., Vanman, E.J., Verreynne, M., & Saeri, A.K. (2015). Threats to belonging on Facebook: Lurking and ostracism. Social Influence, 10(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2014.893924
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Twenge, J.M. (2005). When does social rejection lead to aggression? The influences of situations, narcissism, emotion, and replenishing connections. In K.D. Williams, J.P. Forgas, & W. von-Hippel (Eds.), The social outcast: Ostracism, social exclusion, rejection, and bullying (pp. 202-212). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203942888
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Twenge, J.M., & Campbell, W.K. (2003). Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve? Narcissism, social rejection, and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(2), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202239051
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Valkenburg, P.M., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
van-de-Mortel, T.F. (2008). Faking it: Social desirability response bias in self-report research. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(4), 40-48. https://bit.ly/2JfgZyP
Link Google Scholar
Wesselmann, E.D., Ren, D., & Williams, K.D. (2015). Motivations for responses to ostracism. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 40. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00040
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Williams, K.D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 275-314). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00406-1
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Williams, K.D., & Wesselmann, E.D. (2011). The link between ostracism and aggression. In J.P. Forgas, A.W. Kruglanski, & K.D. Williams (Eds.), The psychology of social conflict and aggression (pp. 37-51). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803813
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Williams, K.D., Cheung, C.K.T., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 748-762. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.748
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Wohn, D.Y., Carr, C.T., Hayes, R.A. (2016). How affective is a “Like”? The effect of paralinguistic digital affordances on perceived social support. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(9), 562-566. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0162
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Wolf, W., Levordashka, A., Ruff, J.R., Kraaijeveld, S., Lueckmann, J.M., & Williams, K.D. (2015). Ostracism Online: A social media ostracism paradigm. Behavioral Research Methods, 47(2), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0475-x
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Zadro, L., Boland, C., & Richardson, R. (2006). How long does it last? The persistence of the effects of ostracism in the socially anxious. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(5), 692-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2005.10.007
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ficha técnica
Recibido: 30-09-2020
Revisado: 31-10-2020
Aceptado: 16-11-2020
OnlineFirst: 15-01-2021
Fecha publicación: 01-04-2021
Tiempo de revisión del artículo : 31 (en días) | Media de tiempo de revisión de los manuscritos del número 67: 36 (en días)
Tiempo de aceptación del artículo: 47 (en días) | Media tiempo aceptación de los manuscritos del número 67: 67 (en días)
Tiempo de edición OnlineFirst: 138 (en días) | Media tiempo edición de los OnlineFirst del número 67: 159 (en días)
Tiempo de publicacicón final del artículo: 183 (en días) | Media tiempo de publicación final de los articulos del número 67: 204 (en días)
Métricas
Métricas de este artículo
Vistas: 21338
Lectura del abstract: 18935
Descargas del PDF: 2403
Métricas completas de Comunicar 67
Vistas: 205198
Lectura del abstract: 178837
Descargas del PDF: 26361
Citado por
Citas en Web of Science
Actualmente no existen citas hacia este documento
Citas en Scopus
Actualmente no existen citas hacia este documento
Citas en Google Scholar
Sillence, E., Saxton, T. K., & Pollet, T. (2021). Facebook Social Use and Anxiety: A Replication Attempt. Human Communication & Technology, 2(1), 19-36.
https://journals.ku.edu/hct/article/view/14847
Sillence, E., Saxton, T. K., & Pollet, T. V. version: 8-7-2021. Final version is located here.
...
Ortiz Marcos, J. M. (2021). El ciberbullying por razones de interculturalidad en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria de ciudades fronterizas.
https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/71160
Sillence, E., Saxton, T. K., & Pollet, T. V. review, cite at own risk. This version: 21-6-2021.
...
Stenson, A. (2021). The development and validation of a new instrument to assess the role of social media in college adjustment for undergraduate students.
https://wlv.openrepository.com/handle/2436/624390
