关键词

在线学习、技术创新、满意度、基于项目的学习、数字能力、COVID-19

摘要

高等教育是各国社会和经济发展的引擎之一,其最终目标是促进高质量的学术培训。目前,虚拟环境中的教学模式面临着许多重要的挑战,特别是在当前 COVID-19 的情况下。本研究将分析其中一些挑战。我们与 225 名健康科学专业本科三年级的学生合作,他们在疫情期间攻读了大一和大二的课程。研究目标是:1) 相比,验证在疫情期间,学生对第一年(通过e-Learning进行教学)和第二年(通过e-Learning进行教学) 教学过程的满意度是否存在显着差异; 2)检查两组之间的学业成绩是否存在显着差异。我们进行了定量研究(使用 2x2 因子设计、ANOVA和 ANCOVA)和定性研究(使用分类分析的比较设计)。结果表明,在满意度和学习结果的某些方面存在差异,第二年的教学更为有利。学生们对主动方法和技术资源的使用评价积极,尽管他们认为对其使用需要更多的工作时间。未来的研究我们将对其他知识领域的学生的满意度进行对比。

查看信息图

参考资料

Anguera, M.T., Blanco-Villaseñor, A., Losada, J.L., & Portell, M. (2018). Guidelines for designing and conducting a study that applies observational methodology. Anuario de Psicologia, 48(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpsic.2018.02.001

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Atlas.ti (Ed.) (2020). Software package qualitative data analysis. (Versión 9) [Software]. Atlas.ti. https://atlasti.com

Link Google Scholar

Azevedo, R., & Gasevic, D. (2019). Analyzing multimodal multichannel data about self-regulated learning with advanced learning technologies: Issues and challenges. Computers in Human Behavior, 96, 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.025

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Bandalos, D.L., & Finney, S.J. (2001). Item parceling issues in structural equation modeling. In G.A. Marcoulides, & R.E. Schumacker (Eds.), New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling (pp. 269-296). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601858

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Bonami, B.P. (2020). Education, big data and artificial intelligence: Mixed methods in digital platforms. [Educación, big data e inteligencia artificial: Metodologías mixtas en plataformas digitales]. Comunicar, 65, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.3916/C65-2020-04

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Campbell, D.T., & Stanley, J.C. (2005). Diseños experimentales y cuasiexperimentales en la investigación social. Amorrortu. https://bit.ly/3i1GKS4

Link Google Scholar

Carbonero, M.A., Román, J.M., & Ferrer, M. (2013). Programa para “aprender estratégicamente” con estudiantes universitarios: Diseño y validación experimental. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 876-885. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.165671

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Casanova, J.R., Cervero, A., Núñez, J.C., Almeida, L.S., & Bernardo, A. (2018). Factors that determine the persistence and dropout of university students. Psicothema, 30(4), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2018.155

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Chakma, U., Li, B., & Kabuhung, G. (2021). Creating online metacognitive spaces: Graduate research writing during the covid-19 pandemic. Issues in Educational Research, 31(1), 37-55. https://doi/10.3316/informit.748747335200300

Link Google Scholar

Commission to the european parliament (Ed.) (2020). Communication from the Commission to the european parliament, the council, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. https://bit.ly/3kwseDh

Link Google Scholar

Diaz, M.C.G., & Walsh, B.M. (2021). Telesimulation-based education during COVID-19. Clinical Teacher, 18(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.13273

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Flick, U. (2014). El diseño de la investigación cualitativa. Morata.

Link Google Scholar

García-Peñalvo, F.J. (2021). Avoiding the dark side of digital transformation in teaching. An institutional reference framework for elearning in higher education. Sustainability, 13(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042023

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

García-Perales, R., & Almeida, L. (2019). An enrichment program for students with high intellectual ability: Positive effects on school adaptation. [Programa de enriquecimiento para alumnado con alta capacidad: Efectos positivos para el currículum]. Comunicar, 60, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3916/C60-2019-04

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Garcia-Utrera, L., Figueroa-Rodriguez, S., & Esquivel-Gámez, I. (2014). Modelo de sustitución, aumento, modificación,

Link Google Scholar

Hernandez-Armenteros, J., & Pérez-García, J.A. (2018). La universidad española en cifras 2017-2018. CRUE. https://bit.ly/3hIMLTw

Link Google Scholar

IBM Corp (Ed.) (2016). SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (Versión 24) [Software]. IBM. https://ibm.co/3hWIls7

Link Google Scholar

Kidess, M., Schmid, S.C., Pollak, S., Gschwend, J.E., Berberat, P.O., & Autenrieth, M. E. (2021). Virtual skills-training in urology: Teaching at the Technical University of Munich during the COVID-19-pandemic. Der Urologe, 60(4), 484-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-020-01431-2

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Koehler, M.J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70. https://bit.ly/3hMpcci

Link Google Scholar

Leal-Filho, W., Wall, T., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Mifsud, M., Pritchard, D.J., Lovren, V.O., Farinha, C., Petrovic, D.S., & Balogun, A.L. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 and social isolation on academic staff and students at universities: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1213), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11040-z

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Li, W., Gillies, R., He, M., Wu, C., Liu, S., Gong, Z., & Sun, H. (2021). Barriers and facilitators to online medical and nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from international students from low- and middle-income countries and their teaching staff. Human Resources for Health, 19(64), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00609-9

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Lowe, A., Pararajasingam, A., & Goodwin, R.G. (2021). A paradigm shift in trainee confidence in teledermatology and virtual working during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a follow-up UK-wide survey. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 46(3), 544-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.14498

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Joint Research Centre (JRC) Science for Policy report. https://bit.ly/3exbvfn

Link Google Scholar

Román-Sánchez, J.M., & Gallego-Rico, S. (2008). ACRA. Estrategias de aprendizaje. TEA

Link Google Scholar

Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C. (2018). E-project based learning en terapia ocupacional: Una aplicación en la asignatura «Estimulación Temprana». Universidad de Burgos. https://bit.ly/3rxKJsw

Link Google Scholar

Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-Sánchez, R., Muñoz-Rujas, N., Rodríguez-Arribas, S., Escolar-Llamazares, M.C., Alonso-Santander, N., Martínez-Martín, M.Á., & Mercado-Val, E.I. (2021). Teaching and learning styles on moodle: An analysis of the effectiveness of using stem and non-stem qualifications from a gender perspective. Sustainability, 13(3), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031166

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Salinas-Ibáñez, J., & De-Benito, B. (2020). Construction of personalized learning pathways through mixed methods. [Construcción de itinerarios personalizados de aprendizaje mediante métodos mixtos]. Comunicar, 65, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.3916/C65-2020-03

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Sarwa, M., Rosnelli, R., Triatmojo, W., & Priyadi, M. (2021). Implementation of Flipped Classroom on experiences in online learning during pandemic COVID-19 for a Project-Base Vocational Learning Guide. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1842(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1842/1/012019

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Sucha, V., & Gamme, J.F. (2021). Humans and societies in the age of artificial intelligence. https://bit.ly/3io4I8R

Link Google Scholar

Tang, Y.M., Chen, P.C., Law, K.M.Y., Wu, C.H., Lau, Y., Guan, J., He, D., & Ho, G.T.S. (2021). Comparative analysis of student’s live online learning readiness during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the higher education sector. Computers & Education, 168, 104211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104211

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Unesco (Ed.) (2019). Marco de competencias de los docentes en materia de TIC. Unesco. https://bit.ly/2UWub13

Link Google Scholar

United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Ed.) (2021). Agenda for sustainable development and the SDGs. https://bit.ly/3x3WlVf

Link Google Scholar

y redefinición (SAMR): Fundamentos y aplicaciones. In I. Esquivel-Gámez (Ed.), Los modelos tecno-educativos: Revolucionando el aprendizaje del siglo XXI (pp. 205-220). DSAE-Universidad Veracruzana. https://bit.ly/3ikS7n8

Link Google Scholar

Crossmark

技术信息

收到: 24-05-2021

修订: 18-06-2021

公认: 15-07-2021

OnlineFirst: 15-10-2021

发布日期: 01-01-2022

文章修改时间: 25 天 | 期刊编号的平均时间修订 70: 35 天

文章接受时间: 52 天 | 期刊编号的平均接受时间 70: 66 天

预印本编辑时间: 177 天 | 期刊编号的平均编辑时间预印 70: 191 天

文章编辑时间: 222 天 | 期刊编号的平均编辑时间 70: 236 天

度量

这篇文章的度量

浏览次数: 37252

对摘要的解读: 30356

PDF下载: 6896

的全部指标 70

浏览次数: 341448

对摘要的解读: 272531

PDF下载: 68917

被引用

引述 Web of Science

Sanchez Gonzalez, Maria; Castro Higueras, Antonio; . Mentoring for university professors in the fase of the Covid-19: evaluation of a case CAMPUS VIRTUALES, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.54988/cv.2022.1.1000

Casanova, JR; Gomes, A; (...); Almeida, LS. Promoting Success and Persistence in Pandemic Times: An Experience With First-Year Students FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY , 2022.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815584

Martin-Nunez, JL; Bravo-Ramos, JL; (...); Nunez-del-Rio, C. Teaching in Secondary Education Teacher Training with a Hybrid Model: Students' Perceptions Sustainability, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063272

Lima, AM; Aguilera, RDG; (...); Lopez, YM. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NORMALITY, CONFINEMENT AND POST CONFINEMENT: SAME OR DIFFERENT DIDACTIC MODELS? REVISTA CONRADO, 2022.

Link Google Scholar

Bustamante, JC; Segura-Berges, M; (...); Penarrubia-Lozano, C. Qualitative Analyses of e-Learning Implementation and Hybrid Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Spanish Universities Sustainability, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912003

Moran, RCD; Elias, ANO; (...); Guzman, LCD. GAMIFICATION STRATEGIES AND VIRTUAL LEARNING IN PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY TEACHERS REVISTA CONRADO, 2022.

Link Google Scholar

Acevedo-Duque, A; Prado-Sabido, T; (...); Armas, HMA. Postgraduate Trends in the Training of Human Talent for Sustainable Development Sustainability, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114356

Lara-Lara, F; Santos-Villalba, MJ; (...); Martinez-Domingo, JA. Inclusive Active Methodologies in Spanish Higher Education during the Pandemic SOCIETIES, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020029

Fatima, T; Li, BX; (...); Zhang, D. Mapping the relationship between virtual supervision, online program quality, and international student satisfaction in COVID-19 pandemic World: does e-learning quality mediates the relationship INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2177677

Rolando, LFE; Damian, CON; (...); Schaeffer, CJAG. Inequalities in connectivity and academic performance during non-face-to-face teaching due to the Covid-19 Pandemic 2022 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ACCREDITATION OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING EDUCATION, ICACIT, 2000.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACIT56139.2022.10041703

Sanchez-Olmos, C; Hidalgo-Mari, T and Segarra-Saavedra, J. Impact, adaptation and digital transformation in higher education as a consequence of Covid-19: the case of the master's degree Comincrea of the University of Alicante ADCOMUNICA-REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE ESTRATEGIAS TENDENCIAS E INNOVACION EN COMMUNICACION, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.6035/adcomunica.6991

Ortega-Donaire, L; Bailen-Exposito, J; (...); Sanz-Martos, S. Satisfaction of Online University Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic HEALTHCARE, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11101421

Saiz-Manzanares, MC; Marticorena-Sanchez, R; (...); Almeida, L. Perceived satisfaction of university students with the use of chatbots as a tool for self-regulated learning Heliyon, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12843

引述 Scopus

Gonzalez, M.S., Higueras, A.C. . Mentoring for university professors in the fase of the Covid-19: Evaluation of a case | [Mentorias para profesorado universitarioante la Covid-19: Evaluacion de un caso]), Campus Virtuales, .

https://doi.org/10.54988/cv.2022.1.1000

Casanova, J.R., Gomes, A., Moreira, M.A., Almeida, L.S. . Promoting Success and Persistence in Pandemic Times: An Experience With First-Year Students), Frontiers in Psychology, .

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815584

Bustamante, J.C., Segura-Berges, M., Lizalde-Gil, M., Peñarrubia-Lozano, C.. Qualitative Analyses of e-Learning Implementation and Hybrid Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Spanish Universities), Sustainability, .

https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912003

Sáiz-Manzanares, M.C., Marticorena-Sánchez, R., Martín-Antón, L.J., González Díez, I., Almeida, L. . Perceived satisfaction of university students with the use of chatbots as a tool for self-regulated learning ), Heliyon, .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12843

Hernández, S.S., Méndez, P.G., Sosa, L.R., (...), Rodríguez, M.A., Canova-Barrios, C.J. . Bachelor of Science in Nursing faculty perceptions of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic [Version 1; Peer Review - In Progress] | [Percepción de los docentes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería sobre la educación a distancia durante la pandemia COVID-19), Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, .

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023183

Vargas-Salazar, I.Y., Motta-Flores, M., DE UCEDA, G.R.C. . The Peruvian university professor and the virtuality in the health emergency), Human Review. International Humanities Review, .

https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4248

Puche Gil, J. . Our World in Data as a resource for teaching Economic History ), Human Review. International Humanities Review, .

https://doi.org/2-s2.0-85143656711

Acevedo-Duque, Á., Prado-Sabido, T., García-Salirrosas, E.E., (...), Valle Palomino, N., Aguilar Armas, H.M.. Postgraduate Trends in the Training of Human Talent for Sustainable Development), Sustainability, .

https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114356

Martín-Núñez, J.L., Bravo-Ramos, J.L., Sastre-Merino, S., (...), Redondo, A.C., Núñez-Del-río, C. . Teaching in Secondary Education Teacher Training with a Hybrid Model: Students’ Perceptions ), Sustainability, .

https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063272

Paipay, D., Gomero, G. . Andragogy reception in school education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru ), Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies on Education and Research, ICALTER 2022, .

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALTER57193.2022.9964738

Benzies, Y.J.C. . The creation of podcasts to enhance the development of speaking and specific vocabulary in authentic contexts: A case study on the use of Anchor with ESP tourism students ), Technological Innovation Put to the Service of Language Learning, Translation and Interpreting: Insights from Academic and Professional Contexts, .

Link Google Scholar

Lara-Lara, F., Santos-Villalba, M.J., Berral-Ortiz, B., Martínez-Domingo, J.A. . Inclusive Active Methodologies in Spanish Higher Education during the Pandemic), Societies, .

https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020029

Rolando, L.F.E., Damian, C.O.N., Fuentes, T.C.L., (...), Rojas, J.L.P., Alberto Garrido Schaeffer, C.J.. Inequalities in connectivity and academic performance during non-face-to-face teaching due to the Covid-19 Pandemic), Proceedings - 8th International Symposium on Accreditation of Engineering and Computing Education, ICACIT 2022, .

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACIT56139.2022.10041703

Revuelta-Zamorano, M., Vargas-Núñez, J.A., de Andrés-Gimeno, B., (...), Magariño, A.S., Solís-Muñoz, M.. Evaluation of the digital educational strategies for healthcare professionals implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic), Metas de Enfermeria, .

https://doi.org/10.35667/METASENF.2022.25.1003082024

Ortega-Donaire, L., Bailén-Expósito, J., Álvarez-García, C., (...), Álvarez-Nieto, C., Sanz-Martos, S.. Satisfaction of Online University Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic), Healthcare, .

https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11101421

Lamanauskas, V., Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, R.. Distance education quality: First-cycle university students’ position), Contemporary Educational Technology, .

https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13243

Pérez, F.L., Hernández, M.R., Alva, A.D., Flores, T.G. . The impact of covid-19 on 21th Century digital skills in higher education ), Edutec, .

https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2023.84.2813

引述 Google Scholar

Un ejemplo de enseñanza-aprendizaje para entornos híbridos: la plataforma Microsoft Teams aplicado a la didáctica de la Historia Económica. JP Gil - adayapress.com

https://adayapress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/metvirt8.pdf

Martín-Núñez, J. L., Bravo-Ramos, J. L., Sastre-Merino, S., Pablo-Lerchundi, I., Caravantes Redondo, A., & Núñez-del-Río, C. (2022). Teaching in Secondary Education Teacher Training with a Hybrid Model: Students’ Perceptions. Sustainability, 14(6), 3272.

https://www.mdpi.com/1537096

Casanova, J. R., Gomes, A., Moreira, M. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2022). Promoting success and persistence in pandemic times: an experience with first-year students.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/76558

Kovatcheva, E. (2022). Lessons Learned in a Hybrid Environment.

https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/80566

Casanova, J. R., Gomes, A., Moreira, M. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2022). Promoting success and persistence in pandemic times: an experience with first-year students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927917/

Lima, A. M., Aguilera, R. D. J. G., Cobo, F. H., Lovera, Y. D. S., & López, Y. M. (2022). Enseñar y aprender en la normalidad, confinamiento y posconfinamiento:¿ modelos didácticos iguales o diferentes?. Revista Conrado, 18(86), 214-222.

https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/2410

Osorio, B. L. P., del Carpio, M. M. J., Osorio, L. O., Osorio, G. R. P., & Méndez-Vergaray, J. (2022). Percepción de los estudiantes y docentes sobre la educación virtual en tiempos de COVID-19. Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS-ISSN 2806-5794., 4(2), 144-157.

http://www.editorialalema.org/index.php/pentaciencias/article/view/81

Kovatcheva, E. (2022). Lessons Learned in a Hybrid Environment. New Updates in E-Learning, 87.

...

Fernández Luque, A. M. (2022). Presentación de la Tesis Doctoral:“Formación en competencia digital dirigida a los profesionales de salud en el lugar de trabajo. Una propuesta formativa a través la plataforma de la Biblioteca de salud”.

https://repositorio.grial.eu/handle/grial/2651

Fernández Luque, A. M. (2022). La formación en competencia digital dirigida a los profesionales de salud en el lugar de trabajo. Una propuesta de aprendizaje a través de la biblioteca de la salud (Doctoral dissertation, Programa de Doctorado Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento).

https://repositorio.grial.eu/handle/grial/2650

Qualitative Analyses of e-Learning Implementation and Hybrid Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Spanish Universities JC Bustamante, M Segura-Berges, M Lizalde-Gil… - Sustainability, 2022 - mdpi.com

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12003

CAPÍTULO 3: B-LEARNING EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE ESTUDIOS SOCIALES PARA ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA EN UNA ESCUELA … EV Tejada, YA Ortega, AV Romero - researchgate.net

...

Promoting success and persistence in pandemic times: an experience with first-year students JR Casanova, A Gomes, MA Moreira… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8927917/

Educación virtual en tiempos de pandemia desde los actores educativos de la Carrera de Odontología, Cuenca–Ecuador LE Verdugo, JP Piedra, AC Salazar - 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, 2022 - dialnet.unirioja.es

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8561208

Plataforma Moodle para mejorar aprendizajes del área de educación religiosa en estudiantes de secundaria en una institución educativa pública FJ Sandoval Laura - 2022 - tesis.usat.edu.pe

https://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12423/5159

ESTRATEGIA PARA FORTALECER LA PRÁCTICA LABORAL CON EL USO DE LAS TIC DESDE LA RELACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD–EMPRESA CCRF Medina, CBP Hernández, JFF Concepción - programa.cienciayeducacion.rimed …

...

Postgraduate Trends in the Training of Human Talent for Sustainable Development Á Acevedo-Duque, T Prado-Sabido… - Sustainability, 2022 - mdpi.com

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/21/14356

Teaching in Secondary Education Teacher Training with a Hybrid Model: Students’ Perceptions

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/6/3272

Aprendizaje cooperativo e interacción en entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje en discentes de enfermería de posgrado en una universidad privada, Lima-2022. AY Príncipe Cahuana - 2022 - 200.48.85.16

http://200.48.85.16/handle/20.500.13053/7736

下载

替代指标

如何引用

Sáiz-Manzanares, M., Casanova, J., Lencastre, J., Almeida, L., & Martín-Antón, L. (2022). Student satisfaction with online teaching in times of COVID-19. [Satisfacción de los estudiantes con la docencia online en tiempos de COVID-19]. Comunicar, 70, 35-45. https://doi.org/10.3916/C70-2022-03

分享

           

Oxbridge Publishing House

4 White House Way

B91 1SE Sollihul United Kingdom

行政管理

编辑部

Creative Commons

本网站使用cookies来获取用户导航的统计数据。如果您继续浏览,我们认为您接受其使用。 +info X