Palabras clave
Acoso, ciberacoso, LGTB-fobia, orientación sexual, prevalencia, salud mental, homofobia, violencia escolar
Resumen
Acoso y ciberacoso tienen consecuencias muy negativas en la salud mental de los adolescentes. El estudio tuvo dos objetivos: 1) analizar si existen diferencias en función de la orientación sexual (heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales) en el porcentaje de víctimas y agresores de acoso y ciberacoso, así como en la cantidad de conducta agresiva sufrida-realizada; 2) comparar la salud mental de adolescentes heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales que han sido víctimas, agresores, cibervíctimas y ciberagresores. Participaron 1.748 adolescentes del País Vasco, entre 13 y 17 años (52,6% chicas, 47,4% chicos), 12,5% no-heterosexuales, 87,5% heterosexuales, que cumplimentaron 4 instrumentos de evaluación. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y comparativa transversal. Los resultados confirman que: 1) el porcentaje de víctimas y cibervíctimas fue significativamente mayor en el grupo no-heterosexual, sin embargo, el porcentaje de agresores y ciberagresores heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales fue similar; 2) víctimas y cibervíctimas no-heterosexuales habían sufrido significativamente más cantidad de conductas agresivas de acoso/ciberacoso; 3) víctimas y agresores de acoso no-heterosexuales comparados con heterosexuales tenían significativamente más depresión, ansiedad social y síntomas psicopatológicos diversos (somatización, obsesión-compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal…); 4) cibervíctimas y ciberagresores no-heterosexuales también presentaban más depresión y más síntomas psicopatológicos diversos, sin embargo, en ansiedad social no se hallaron diferencias. El debate se centra en la importancia de intervenir desde la familia, la escuela y la sociedad, para reducir el acoso/ciberacoso y estimular el respeto por la diversidad sexual.
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Fundref
Ficha técnica
Recibido: 27-05-2019
Revisado: 09-07-2019
Aceptado: 31-07-2019
OnlineFirst: 15-11-2019
Fecha publicación: 01-01-2020
Tiempo de revisión del artículo : 43 (en días) | Media de tiempo de revisión de los manuscritos del número 62: 40 (en días)
Tiempo de aceptación del artículo: 65 (en días) | Media tiempo aceptación de los manuscritos del número 62: 72 (en días)
Tiempo de edición OnlineFirst: 174 (en días) | Media tiempo edición de los OnlineFirst del número 62: 176 (en días)
Tiempo de publicacicón final del artículo: 219 (en días) | Media tiempo de publicación final de los articulos del número 62: 221 (en días)
Métricas
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Lectura del abstract: 52424
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Citado por
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Cómo citar
Garaigordobil, M., & Larrain, E. (2020). Bullying and cyberbullying in LGBT adolescents: Prevalence and effects on mental health. [Acoso y ciberacoso en adolescentes LGTB: Prevalencia y efectos en la salud mental]. Comunicar, 62, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.3916/C62-2020-07