参考资料
Ahmad, A., Bhatti, M.I., & Yousaf, F.F. (2020). Whom to vote? Socio-psychological factors influencing voting behavior in Rural Punjab, Pakistan. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 3(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(9-15)
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 514-538. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2016-0568
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ali, R., & Fatima, A. (2016). Social media, newspapers and political awareness of youth in Pakistan. Pakistan Library & Information Science Journal, 47(1), 30-41. https://bit.ly/3bkxuHY
Link Google Scholar
Ashraf, D., Ali, T., & Hosain, A. (2013). Youth development and education in Pakistan: Exploring the relationship. Sisyphus: Journal of Education, 1(2), 162-192. https://bit.ly/3cCT76I
Link Google Scholar
Barnhart, B. (2021). Social media demographics to inform your brand’s strategy in 2021. Sprout Social. https://bit.ly/3S6i7DD
Link Google Scholar
Becker, A.B., & Copeland, L. (2016). Networked publics: How connective social media use facilitates political consumerism among LGBT Americans. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2015.1131655
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bimber, B., Cunill, M.C., Copeland, L., & Gibson, R. (2015). Digital media and political participation: The moderating role of political interest across acts and over time. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314526559
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Blau, P.M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Bobbie, E. (2013). The practice of social research. Pearson Education Limited.
Link Google Scholar
Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication and Society, 18(5), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1008542
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Chan, M. (2018). Partisan strength and social media use among voters during the 2016 Hong Kong legislative council election: Examining the roles of ambivalence and disagreement. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(2), 343-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017750857
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Chen, Z., & Chan, M. (2017). Motivations for social media use and impact on political participation in China: A cognitive and communication mediation approach. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(2), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0174
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Colás-Bravo, P., González-Ramírez, T., & de-Pablos-Pons, J. (2013). Young people and social networks: Motivations and preferred uses. [Juventud y redes sociales: Motivaciones y usos preferentes]. Comunicar, 40, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-02-01
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Dancey, L., & Goren, P. (2010). Party identification, issue attitudes, and the dynamics of political debate. American Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 686-699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00454.x
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Foos, F., & de-Rooij, E.A. (2017). The role of partisan cues in voter mobilization campaigns: Evidence from a randomized field experiment. Electoral Studies, 45, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2016.11.010
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gil-de-Zúñiga, H., Copeland, L., & Bimber, B. (2014). Political consumerism: Civic engagement and the social media connection. New Media and Society, 16(3), 488-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487960
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gil-de-Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014). Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 612-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12103
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A.H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Großer, J., & Schram, A. (2006). Neighborhood information exchange and voter participation: An experimental study. American Political Science Review, 100(2), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062137
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hair, J.F., Hault, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications Inc. https://bit.ly/3Saj4Lc
Link Google Scholar
Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M., Gudergan, S.P., Fischer, A., Nitzl, C., & Menictas, C. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling-based discrete choice modeling: An illustration in modeling retailer choice. Business Research, 12(1), 115-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-018-0072-4
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Harrop, M., & Miller, W.L. (1987). Elections and voters: A comparative introduction. Meredith Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18912-0
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Hassan, T., & Sabir, M. (2020). Civil society-democracy nexus in Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 26(2), 325-347. https://bit.ly/3bfRXhg
Link Google Scholar
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Himelboim, I., Lariscy, R.W., Tinkham, S.F., & Sweetser, K.D. (2012). Social media and online political communication: The role of interpersonal informational trust and openness. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(1), 92-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2011.648682
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Homans, G.C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Huddy, L., Mason, L., & Aaroe, L. (2010). Measuring partisanship as a social identity, predicting political activism. In Annual Meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology (pp. 1-33). ISPP. https://bit.ly/3PN71Sv
Link Google Scholar
Kalogeropoulos, A., Negredo, S., & Picone, I. (2017). Who shares and comments on news?: A cross-national comparative analysis of online and social media participation. Social Media + Society 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117735754
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Kim, M. (2018). How does Facebook news use lead to actions in South Korea? The role of Facebook discussion network heterogeneity, political interest, and conflict avoidance in predicting political participation. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1373-1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.007
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Loader, B.D., Vromen, A., & Xenos, M.A. (2014). The networked young citizen: social media, political participation and civic engagement. Information, Communication and Society, 17(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.871571
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Maurissen, L. (2020). Political efficacy and interest as mediators of expected political participation among Belgian adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 24(4), 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1507744
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Moffett, K.W., & Rice, L.L. (2018). College Students and online political expression during the 2016 election. Social Science Computer Review, 36(4), 422-439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439317721186
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Morrell, M.E. (2005). Deliberation, democratic decision-making and internal political efficacy. Political Behavior, 27, 49-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3076-7
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Ed.) (2021). Demographic and research. https://bit.ly/3viHvwj
Link Google Scholar
Prior, M. (2019). Hooked: How politics captures people’s interest. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355001
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Memon, M.A. (2018). Partial Least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) Using SmartPLS 3.0 (2nd (ed.). Pearson.
Link Google Scholar
Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Khoo-Lattimore, C., Md-Noor, S., Jaafar, M., & Konar, R. (2021). Tourist engagement and loyalty: Gender matters? Current Issues in Tourism, 24(6), 871-885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1765321
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Riaz, S. (2007). Government advertisements — Influence on print media content: A content analysis of the leading newspapers of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Science, 35(2), 154-178. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853107X203414
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J.F., Cheah, J.H., Becker, J.M., & Ringle, C.M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Shively, W.P. (1979). The relationship between age and party identification: A cohort analysis. Political Methodology, 6(4), 437-446. https://bit.ly/3oIJRAO
Link Google Scholar
Skoric, M.M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. (2016). Social media and citizen engagement: A meta-analytic review. New Media and Society, 18(9), 1817-1839. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616221
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Information (International Social Science Council), 13(2), 65-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847401300204
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Tariq, R., Zolkepli, I.A., & Ahmad, M. (2022). Political participation of young voters: Tracing direct and indirect effects of social media and political orientations. Social Sciences, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020081
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Teo, T.S.H., Srivastava, S.C., & Jiang, L. (2008). Trust and electronic government success: an empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(3), 99-132. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222250303
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
United Nations Development Pakistan (Ed.) (2018). National Human Development Report 2017: Unleashing the potential of a young Pakistan. UNESCO. https://bit.ly/3zNiDiI
Link Google Scholar
Van-Dop, N., Depauw, J., & Driessens, K. (2016). Measuring empowerment: Development and validation of the service user psychological empowerment scale. Journal of Social Service Research, 42(5), 651-664. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2016.1216915
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
World Bank (Ed.) (2021). World development indicators. DataBank. https://bit.ly/3BmsXQ7
Link Google Scholar
Zeib, F. (2022). Rising wave of social media: Empowering university students through online and offline political participation. Webology, 19(2), 4540-4558. https://bit.ly/3BmzL07
Link Google Scholar
Zolkepli, I.A., Kamarulzaman, Y., & Kitchen, P.J. (2018). Uncovering Psychological gratifications affecting social media utilization: A multiblock hierarchical analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(4), 412-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2018.1489730
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Zulqarnain, W., & Taimur-ul-Hassan (2017). Social and traditional media usage: A demographic analysis of Pakistani youth. Global Media Journal: Pakistan Edition, 10(1), 30-56. https://bit.ly/3OGLcCP
Link Google Scholar
