As emoções provocadas pela violência na televisão

 Concepción Fernández-Villanueva, Madrid (Espanha)

 Juan-Carlos Revilla-Castro, Madrid (Espanha)

 Roberto Domínguez-Bilbao, Madrid (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C36-2011-02-10

Palavras chave

Violência, televisão, emoções, impacto emocional, recepção pelo telespectador, análise do discurso

Resumo

Os efeitos da violência na televisão vêm sendo amplamente estudados a partir de uma perspectiva experimental que abarca, em certo modo, a interação entre emissor e receptor. O presente trabalho aborda uma perspectiva complementar que considera tanto a interpretação dos telespectadores quanto as mensagens televisivas. Propõe-se a identificar e analisar as dimensões sociais que midiatizam as experiências emocionais frente à violência vista na televisão e como essas dimensões emocionais, que se constroem no discurso, estão ligadas a atitudes, princípios éticos e cursos de ação. O discurso analisado provém de oito grupos de discussão –compostos diferencialmente quanto ao gênero, idade e nível educativo -, que foram analisados a partir das emoções que experimentam frente à violência na televisão. A análise do discurso mostra, em primeiro lugar, a importância de uma primeira mobilização emocional, com referência a emoções complexas e, em segundo lugar, uma articulação da experiência emocional com a repetição de cenas (modalidade, classificação e avaliação), com os atos (legitimação ou não) e com os personagens (identificação ou desidentificação). Em conclusão, o duplo impacto das emoções (imediato e diferido) gera narrativas complexas que desembocam em um único curso de ação caracterizado pela responsabilidade e a culpa, que só pode levar-se em conta assumindo o papel ativo de espectador.

Referências

Anderson, C.A. (2004). An Update on the Effects of Violent Video Games. Journal of Adolescence, 27; 133-122.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Barrios, C. (2005). La violencia audiovisual y sus efectos evolutivos: un estudio teórico y empírico. Comunicar, 25.

Link Google Scholar

Boyle, K. (2005). Media and Violence. London: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Browne, K.D. & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The Influence of Violent Media on Children and Adolescents: A Public-health Approach. The Lancet, 365; 702-710.

Link Google Scholar

Buckingham, D. (1996). Moving Images: Understanding Children's Emotional Responses to Television. Manchester, Manchester University Press.

Link Google Scholar

Buttny, R. & Ellis. D.G (2007). Accounts of Violence from Arabs and Israelis on Nightline. Discourse Society, 18; 139-163.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Callejo, J. (1995). La audiencia activa. El discurso televisivo: discursos y estrategias. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.

Link Google Scholar

Cantor, J. (2002). Fright Reactions to Mass Media, in Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.). Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 287-306.

Link Google Scholar

Cantor, J., & Nathanson, A. (1996). Children’s Fright Reactions to Television News. Journal of Communication, 46; 139-152.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary Psychology and the Emotions, in Lewis, M. & Haviland-Jones, J.M. (Eds.). Handbook of Emotions. New York: Guilford; 91-115.

Link Google Scholar

Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.) (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Fern, E.F. (2001). Advanced Focus Group Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Fernández-Dols, J.M.; Carrera, P. & Casado, C. (2001). The Meaning of Expression: Views from Art and Other Sources, in Anolli, L.; Ciceri, R. & Riva, G. (Eds.). New Perspectives on Miscommunication. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 122-137.

Link Google Scholar

Harré, R. & Langenhove, V. (1999). Positioning Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.

Link Google Scholar

Hoffner, C. & Heafner, M.J. (1994). Children’s News Interest during the Gulf War: The Role of Negative Affect. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 38, 193-204.

Link Google Scholar

Hong, G. (2004). Emotions in Culturally-constituted Relational Worlds. Culture & Psychology, 10, 53-63.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Kitzinger, J. (2001). Transformations of Public and Private Knowledge: Audience Reception, Feminism and the Experience of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Feminist Media Studies, 1; 91-104.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Lacasa, P.; Reina, A. & Alburquerque, M. (2000). Rethinking Emotions: Discourse, Self and Television in the Classroom. Paper presented at III Conference for Sociocultural Research, Brazil.

Link Google Scholar

Linde, A. (2005). Reflexiones sobre los efectos de las imágenes de dolor, muerte y sufrimiento en los espectadores. Comunicar, 25.

Link Google Scholar

Morris, J.D.; Klahr, N.J. & alt. (2009). Mapping a Multidimensional Emotion in Response to Television Commercials. Human Brain Mapping, 30; 789-796.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Muramatsu, R. & Hanoch, Y. (2005). Emotions as a Mechanism for Boundedly Rational Agents: The Fast and Frugal Way. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26; 201-221.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Pinto da Mota, A. (2005). Televisão e violência: (para) novas formas de olhar. Comunicar, 25.

Link Google Scholar

Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. Londres: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (2001). Unfolding Discourse Analysis, in Wetherell, M.; Taylor, S., & Yates, S.J. (eds.), Discourse Theory and practice, Londres: Sage; 198-209.

Link Google Scholar

Potter, J. (2003). Discourse Analysis and Discursive Psychology, in Camic, P.M. & Rhodes, J.E. (Eds.). Qualitative Research in Psychology: Expanding Perspectives in Methodology and Design. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 73-94.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Rozin, P.; Lowery, L. & alt. (1999). The CAD Triad Hypothesis: A Mapping between three Moral Emotions (Contempt, Anger, Disgust) and three Moral Codes (Community, Autonomy, Divinity). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76; 574-586.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Russell, J.A., Bachorowski, J.A. & Fernández-Dols, J.M. (2003). Emotional Expressions. Annual Review of Psychology, 54; 329-349.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Saylor, C.F.; Cowart, B.L. & alt. (2003). Media Exposure to September 11: Elementary School Students’ Experiences and Posttraumatic Symptoms. American Behavioral Scientist, 46; 1.622-1.642.

Link Google Scholar

Scherer, K. (1993). Studying the Emotion-antecedent Appraisal Process: An Expert-system Approach. Cognition and Emotion, 7; 325-355.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Schlesinger, P.; Haynes, R. & alt. (1998). Men Viewing Violence. London: Broadcasting Standards Commission.

Link Google Scholar

Shanahan, J. (1999).Television and Its Viewers: Cultivation Theory and Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Smith, S.L. & Moyer-Gusé, E. (2006). Children and the War on Iraq: Developmental Differences in Fear Responses to Television News Coverage. Media Psychology, 8; 213-237.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Smith, S.L. & Wilson, B.J. (2002). Children's Comprehension of and Fear Reactions to Television News. Media Psychology, 4; 1-26.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Stewart, D.W.; Shamdasani, P.N. & Rook, D. (2007). Focus Groups: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Link Google Scholar

Tisseron, S. (2003). Comment Hitchcock m´a guéri. Paris: Albin Michel.

Link Google Scholar

Unz, D.; Schwab, F. & Winterhoff-Spurk, P. (2008). TV News - The Daily Horror? Emotional Effects of Violent Television News. Journal of Media Psychology, 20; 141-155.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Valkenburg, P.M. (2004). Children’s Responses to the Screen: A Media Psychological Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Link Google Scholar

Wertsch, J.V. (1999). La mente en acción. Buenos Aires: Aique.

Link Google Scholar

Wilson, B.J.; Martins, N. & Marske, A.L. (2005). Children’s and Parents’ Fright Reactions to Kidnapping Stories in the News. Communication Monographs, 72; 46-70.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Zillmann, D., & Weaver, J.B. (1999). Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Gratuitous Media Violence on Provoked and Unprovoked Hostile Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29; 145-165.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Fundref

Este trabalho não tem nenhum apoio financeiro

Crossmark

Technical information

Métricas

Métricas deste artigo

Vistas: 34119

Leituras dos resumos: 24933

Descargas em PDF: 9186

Métricas completas do Comunicar 36

Vistas: 770952

Leituras dos resumos: 601915

Descargas em PDF: 169037

Citado por