Keywords
Media literacy, participatory communication, citizenship, media education, non-formal education, social inclusion, civil society
Abstract
This article analyses the status of media literacy in Brazil from the perspective of non-formal education. It quantifies the situation through a sample of projects (N=240) and organizations (N=107) that develop media literacy activities according to the internationally recognized three dimensions of media education (access/use, critical understanding, and media content media production). These projects are aimed at different communities of citizens according to various levels of segmentation (age, location, social status, social groups, and professional fields). The analysis shows the preponderance of activities geared to the production of audiovisual content (65.4%) and to expanding the rights and communicative capabilities of certain communities, generally excluded from the traditional mass media (45.8%). Moreover, the majority of institutions have projects with a medium and high potential of empowerment (77.6%). Based on the literature review and the analysis conducted, the research presents a model that can be used for studying media education projects in the field of non-formal education. Thus, this article offers an initial look at non-formal media literacy in a country that, due to its size and large social differences, should take advantage of the complementarities that non-formal education provides to formal education, and its curriculum, regarding the development of media education and empowerment of citizens.
References
Aguaded, I. (1995). La educación para la comunicación: la enseñanza de los medios en el ámbito hispanoamericano. In I. Aguaded & J. Cabero (Eds.), Educación y medios de comunicación en el contexto iberoamericano. Seminario Internacional sobre Educación y medios de comunicación en el contexto Iberoamericano (pp. 19-48). Huelva: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, La Rábida. (https://goo.gl/UYM9rg) (2016-02-25).
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks. In Third International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (p. 9). San José, California: The AAAI Press. (http://goo.gl/OHlnj2) (2016-02-25).
Buckingham, D. (2003). Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press. (http://goo.gl/ya2l32) (2016-05-25).
Buckingham, D. (2005). The Media Literacy of Children and Young People: A Review of the Research Literature on behalf of OFCOM. London: OFCOM. (http://goo.gl/aJkrnh) (2016-02-25).
Celot, P., & Pérez-Tornero, J.M. (2009). Study on Assessment Criteria for Media Literacy Levels. Brussels: European Association for Viewers’ Interests (EAVI). (http://goo.gl/wpzZnl) (2016-02-25).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Ferrés, J. (2006). La competencia en comunicación audiovisual: propuesta articulada de dimensiones e indicadores. Quaderns del CAC, 25, 9-17. (http://goo.gl/2tWKEb) (2016-02-25).
Frau-Meigs, D. (Ed.) (2006). Media Education: A Kit for Teachers, Students, Parents and Professionals. Paris: UNESCO. (http://goo.gl/S3zDWb) (2016-02-25).
Frau-Meigs, D., & Torrent, J. (Eds.). (2009). Mapping Media Education Policies in the World: Visions, Programmes and Challenges. New York: United Nations. Alliance of Civilizations. UNESCO. European Commission. Grupo Comunicar. (http://goo.gl/lkQ7xI) (2016-02-25).
Freire, P. (1967). Educação como prática da liberdade. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.
Freire, P. (1979). Conscientização. Teoria e prática da libertação. Uma introdução ao pensamento de Paulo Freire. São Paulo: Cortez & Morales.
Girardello, G.G., & Orofino, I. (2012). Crianças, cultura e participação: um olhar sobre a mídia-educação no Brasil. Comunicação Mídia e Consumo, 9(25), 73-90. (http://goo.gl/wVKMaa) (2016-02-25).
González, J. (2007). Cibercultur@ como estrategia de comunicación compleja desde la periferia. Información e Comunicación, 4, 31-48. (http://goo.gl/H3FNWa) (2016-02-25).
Gozálvez, V., & Aguaded, I. (2012). Educación para la autonomía en sociedades mediáticas. Anàlisi, (45), 1-14. (http://goo.gl/OATuUw) (2016-05-21).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Kaplún, M. (1983). La comunicación popular ¿alternativa válida? Chasqui, 7. (http://goo.gl/GWKi3o) (2016-05-21).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Leavitt, H.J. (1965). Applied Organizational Change in Industry: Structural, Technological and Humanistic approaches. In J.G. March (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations (pp. 1.144-1.170). Chicago: Rand McNally.
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Martín-Barbero, J. (2003). La educación desde la comunicación. Bogotá: Norma. (https://goo.gl/c2LHS1) (2016-05-25).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
O’Neill, B., & Barnes, C. (2008). Media Literacy and the Public Sphere: a Contextual Study for Public Media Literacy Promotion in Ireland (Reports) (p. 121). Dublin: Centre for Social and Educational Research. Dublin Institute of Technology. (http://goo.gl/mdnHYI) (2016-02-25).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Peruzzo, C.M.K. (1999). Comunicação comunitária e educação para a cidadania. Comunicação & Informação, 2(2), 205-228. (https://goo.gl/g9wuDH) (2016-05-25).
Peruzzo, C.M.K. (2008). Conceitos de comunicação popular, alternativa e comunitária revisitados e as reelaborações no setor. Palabra Clave, 11(2), 367-379. (http://goo.gl/iPiz0Q) (2016-02-25).
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Link DOI | Link Google Scholar
Rivoltella, P.C. (2005). Media Education. Fondamenti didattici e prospettive di ricerca. Brescia: La Scuola. (http://goo.gl/l2lbiC) (2016-05-25).
Soares, I.O. (2014). Educomunicação e Educação Midiática: vertentes históricas de aproximação entre comunicação e educação. Comunicação & Educação, 19(2), 15-26. (http://goo.gl/HVo5JW) (2016-02-25).
Soares, I.O. (2015). Base Nacional Comum Curricular: Existe espaço para a Educomunicação e a Mídia-Educação no novo projeto do MEC? São Paulo: ABPEducom. (https://goo.gl/kTyO4s) (2016-02-25).
Thoman, E. (1990). New Directions in Media Education. Toulouse: International Media Literacy Conference in Toulouse/UNESCO. (http://goo.gl/r34UTQ) (2016-02-25).
UNESCO (1982). Grunwald Declaration on Media Education. Grunwald: International Symposium on Media Education. Paris: UNESCO. (http://goo.gl/sK9f5) (2016-02-25).
UNESCO (2013). Global Media and Information Literacy Assessment Framework: Country Readiness and Competencies. Paris: UNESCO. (http://goo.gl/WLqXHZ) (2016-02-25).
Wilson, C., Grizzle, A., Tuazon, R., Akyempong, K., & Cheung, C.K. (2011). Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers. Paris: UNESCO. (http://goo.gl/Bz9Ei8) (2016-02-25).
Crossmark
Technical information
Received: 26-02-2016
Revised: 13-03-2016
Accepted: 10-05-2016
OnlineFirst: 15-07-2016
Publication date: 01-10-2016
Article revision time: 16 days | Average time revision issue 49: 27 days
Article acceptance time: 74 days | Average time of acceptance issue 49: 86 days
Preprint editing time: 173 days | Average editing time preprint issue 49: 185 days
Article editing time: 218 days | Average editing time issue 49: 230 days
Metrics
Metrics of this article
Views: 33057
Abstract readings: 26632
PDF downloads: 6425
Full metrics of Comunicar 49
Views: 437841
Abstract readings: 347285
PDF downloads: 90556
Cited by
Cites in Web of Science
Monreal Guerrero, Ines Maria; Parejo, Jose-Luis; Corton de las Heras, Maria de la O.; . Media literacy and the culture of participation: challenges for the digital citizen in the Information Society EDMETIC, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.21071/edmetic.v6i2.6943
Przhedetsky, Y. V.; Przhedetskaya, N. V.; Przhedetskaya, V. Y.; Bondarenko, V. A.; . The role of media education in the training of medical personnel and improve medical services MEDIAOBRAZOVANIE-MEDIA EDUCATION, 2017.
Popkova, Elena G.; Vovchenko, Natalia G.; French, Jeff; Boris, Olga A.; Fokina, Olga V.; Lebedinskaya, Olga G.; . Strategic Role of Media Education in the Conditions of Development of Information Economy MEDIAOBRAZOVANIE-MEDIA EDUCATION, 2017.
Popkova, Elena G.; Vovchenko, Natalia G.; French, Jeff; Sozinova, Anastasia A.; Lebedinskaya, Olga G.; Kovaleva, Olga; . Media Education in the Globalizing World: New Criteria and Priorities MEDIAOBRAZOVANIE-MEDIA EDUCATION, 2017.
Barral-Aramburu, Sara; Renes-Arellano, Paula; GarciaRuiz, R; PerezRodriguez, A; Torres, A; . Educate the view of gender stereotypes: a proposal for media literacy in Primary Education EDUCAR PARA LOS NUEVOS MEDIOS: CLAVES PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA MEDIATICA EN EL ENTORNO DIGITAL, 2018.
Aladro-Vico, Eva; Jivkova-Semova, Dimitrina; Bailey, Olga; . Artivism: A new educative language for transformative social action Breve introduccion al grafitti., 2018.
https://doi.org/10.3916/C57-2018-01
Camarero, Emma; Varona-Aramburu, D.; . Media Literacy for Woman's Empowerment. A Case Study with Groups of Honduran Indigenous and Rural Women in Vulnerable Situation MEDIA EDUCATION-MEDIAOBRAZOVANIE, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.13187/me.2019.3.367
Cabero-Almenara, Julio; Torres-Barzabal, Luisa; Manuel Hermosilla-Rodriguez, Jose; . ICT and the creation of critical digital citizenship EDUCATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2019_20_a22
Garro-Rojas, Lidieth; . Media Literacy in Latin America: Issues and Experiences La Educacion para la Comunicacion. La ensenanza de los medios en el contexto iberoamericano, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v44i1.37708
Camarero, Emma; Fedorov, Alexander; Levitskaya, Anastasia; MunizVelazquez, JA; Pulido, CM; . AUDIOVISUAL AND MEDIA LITERACY FOR SOCIAL CHANGE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF POSITIVE COMMUNICATION: CONTRIBUTIONS OF AN EMERGING COMMUNITY OF RESEARCH ON COMMUNICATION FOR HAPPINESS AND SOCIAL CHANGE, 2019.
Valenzuela Urra, Cristian; Oliveros Castro, Sergio; . THEMATIC DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE PRE AND POST-GRADUATE THESES CARRIED OUT IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES OF CHILE ON INFORMATION LITERACY DURING THE PERIOD 2003-2019 REVISTA ESTUDIOS HEMISFERICOS Y POLARES, 2020.
Bogoviz, Aleksei; Lobova, Svetlana; Ragulina, Yulia; Alekseev, Alexander; Garnova, Viktoriya; . Media Education in the Russian Regions: Problems and Prospects MEDIAOBRAZOVANIE-MEDIA EDUCATION, 2017.
Saez, Virginia; . Characteristics of media literacy education at the secondary level: An Argentinian case study ACTUALIDADES PEDAGOGICAS, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.19052/ap.vol1.iss74.5
#EANF#; . The Media Education in Secondary School from the curricular designs Entramado, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.5629
De Sousa, V; Capoano, E; (...); Paganotti, I. Did Covid-19 infect the news? How journalists, audiences and production processes have changed due to the pandemic UNIVERSITAS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y HUMANAS, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n37.2022.01
Caballer-Tarazona, M; Cuadrado-Garcia, M and Montoro-Pons, JD. Non-formal Artistic Education for Social and Educational Inclusion of Young Gypsies Caballer-Tarazona, M; Cuadrado-Garcia, M and Montoro-Pons, JD REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE EDUCACION PARA LA JUSTICIA SOCIAL, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2022.11.1.015
Peirano, MP and Vallejo, A. Initiatives of Film Education in Iberoamerican Film Festivals (2005-2019) ARTE INDIVIDUO Y SOCIEDAD, 2021.
Cites in Scopus
Camarero, E., Varona, D., Fedorov, A.. Media, audiovisual literacy to empowerment, social change: Results of nica project (first phase) [Alfabetización mediática y audiovisual para el empoderamiento y el cambio social: Resultados de proyecto nica (1º fase)]), Opcion, .
Aladro-Vico, E., Jivkova-Semova, D., Bailey, O.. Artivism: A new educative language for transformative social action [Artivismo: Un nuevo lenguaje educativo para la acción social transformadora]), Comunicar, .
https://doi.org/10.3916/C57-2018-01
Przhedetsky, Y.V., Przhedetskaya, N.V., Przhedetskaya, V.Y., Bondarenko, V.A., Borzenko, K.V.. The role of social-ethical marketing, information, communication technologies in response to challenges of oncology), European Research Studies Journal, .
Cabero-Almenara, J., Torres-Barzabal, L., Hermosilla-Rodríguez, J.M.. Las TIC y la creación de una ciudadanía crítica e-digital [ICT, the creation of critical digital citizenship]), Education in the Knowledge Society, .
https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2019_20_a22
Reddy, P., Chaudhary, K., Sharma, B. . Predicting Media Literacy Level of Secondary School Students in Fiji), Education in the Knowledge Society, .
https://doi.org/10.1109/CSDE48274.2019.9162411
De Sousa, V., Costa, P.R., Capoano, E., Paganotti, I. . Risks, dilemmas and opportunities: Journalistic activities during the covid-19 | [Riscos, dilemas e oportunidades: Atuação jornalística em tempos de Covid-19]), Estudos em Comunicacao, .
https://doi.org/10.25768/20.04.03.31.01
Camarero, E., Fedorov, A., Levitskaya, A. . Audiovisual and media literacy for social change), European Research Studies Journal, .
Peirano, M.P., Vallejo, A. . Initiatives of film education in iberoamerican film festivals (2005 - 2019) | [Iniciativas de educación cinematográfica en los festivales de cine de Iberoamérica (2005 - 2019)]), Arte, Individuo y Sociedad, .
https://doi.org/10.5209/ARIS.70186
Caballer-Tarazona, M., Cuadrado-García, M., De Dios Montoro-Pons, J.. Non-formal Artistic Education for Social and Educational Inclusion of Young Gypsies ), Revista Internacional de Educacion para la Justicia Social, .
Cites in Google Scholar
Camarero, E., Varona, D., & Fedorov, A. (2017). Alfabetización Mediática y Audiovisual para el Empoderamiento y el Cambio Social: Resultados de Proyecto Nica (1º Fase). Opción, 33(82), 160-189.
https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/310/31053180007.pdf
Popkova, E. G., Vovchenko, N. G., French, J., Sozinova, A. A., Lebedinskaya, O. G., & Kovaleva, O. V. (2017). Media literacy education practices media education in the globalizing world: new criteria and priorities. Медиаобразование, (2).
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/17135615
Popkova, E. G., Vovchenko, N. G., Jeff, F., Boris, O. A., Fokina, O. V., & Lebedinskaya, O. G. (2017). Practices strategic role of media education in the conditions of development of information economy. Медиаобразование, (3).
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/17200098
Przhedetsky, Y. V., Przhedetskaya, N. V., Przhedetskaya, V. Y., Bondarenko, V. A., & Borzenko, K. V. (2018). The role of social-ethical marketing and information and communication technologies in response to challenges of oncology. European Research Studies, 21, 377.
https://www.ersj.eu/dmdocuments/36.PRZHEDETSKIY_XXI_S1_18.pdf
Пржедецкий, Ю. В., Пржедецкая, Н. В., Пржедецкая, В. Ю., & Бондаренко, В. А. (2017). Роль медиаобразованияв подготовке медицинских кадров и совершенствовании оказания медицинских услуг. Медиаобразование, (4).
Боговиз, А. В., Лобова, С. В., Рагулина, Ю. В., Алексеев, А. Н., & Гарнова, В. Ю. (2017). Медиаобразование в регионах России: проблемы и перспективы. Медиаобразование, (3).
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/17200094
Garro-Rojas, L. (2020). Alfabetizacion mediatica en America Latina. Revision de literatura: temas y experiencias/Media Literacy in Latin America: Issues and Experiences. Educación, 44(1), NA-NA.
Aladro-Vico, E., Jivkova-Semova, D., & Bailey, O. (2018). Artivism: A New Educative Language for Transformative Social Action. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 26(57), 9-18.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1192386
Aladro-Vico, E., Jivkova-Semova, D., & Bailey, O. (2018). Artivismo: Un nuevo lenguaje educativo para la acción social transformadora. Comunicar, 26(57), 9-18.
https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/158/15856696001/15856696001.pdf
Mažeikienė, V. (2018). Media literacy in higher education (Doctoral dissertation, Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2018).
https://repository.mruni.eu/handle/007/15238
Monreal Guerrero, I. M., Parejo, J. L., & Cortón de las Heras, M. D. L. O. (2017). Alfabetización mediática y cultura de la participación: retos de la ciudadanía digital en la Sociedad de la Información.
http://helvia.uco.es/handle/10396/15405
Castrillón Medina, M. J. (2017). Mediaciones audiovisuales en contextos de construcción de paz. Estudio de caso de dos colectivos juveniles de Medellín (Colombia) (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Internacional de Andalucía).
http://dspace.unia.es/handle/10334/3842
Calandria, M. E. C., Aramburu, D. V., & Fedorov, A. (2017). Alfabetización mediática y audiovisual para el empoderamiento y el cambio social: resultados de Proyecto Nica (1º Fase). Opción: Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, (82), 160-189.
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6233623
Saez, V. (2019). Los rasgos de la educación mediática en el nivel secundario: un estudio del caso argentino. Actualidades Pedagógicas, 1(73), 1-17.
https://ciencia.lasalle.edu.co/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1401&context=ap
ÁVILA MELÉNDEZ, L. R. (2018). EDUCOMUNICACIÓN, LA COMPETENCIA MEDIÁTICA EN LA FORMACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua).
http://repositorio.uach.mx/id/eprint/228
Tapia, D. S. ALFABETIZACIÓN MEDIÁTICA: INCORPORACIÓN DE LAS TICS EN LA METODOLOGÍA DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE DISEÑO GRÁFICO. Pensar las Redes Sociales.
Cabero-Almenaraa, J., Torres-Barzabalb, L., & Hermosilla-Rodríguezc, J. M. Education in the Knowledge Society.
Aguilar, G. A. (2019). Educación mediática en México: de la vulnerabilidad y riesgos entre usuarios de redes sociales. Contratexto, (032), 181-204.
http://revistas.ulima.edu.pe/index.php/contratexto/article/view/4617
Cabero Almenara, J., Torres Barzabal, L. M., & Hermosilla Rodríguez, J. M. (2019). Las TIC y la creación de una ciudadanía crítica e-digital. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 1-10.
https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/93414
Camarero, E., & Varona-Aramburu, D. (2019). Media literacy for woman’s empowerment. A case study with groups of Honduran indigenous and rural women in vulnerable situation. Медиаобразование, (3).
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/18264891
Aladro-Vico, E., Jivkova-Semova, D., & Bailey, O. (2018). Artivism: A new educative language for transformative social action. Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal, 26(2).
https://www.scipedia.com/public/Aladro-Vico_et_al_2018a
Przhedetsky, Y. V., Przhedetskaya, N. V., Przhedetskaya, V. Y., Bondarenko, V. A., & Borzenko, K. V. (2018). The role of social-ethical marketing and information and communication technologies in response to challenges of oncology.
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34070
Cáceres, M. A., & Figueras-Maz, M. (2019). La educación mediática y el uso de los recursos tecnológicos en el aula en el contexto iberoamericano. Contratexto, (032), 19-39.
http://revistas.ulima.edu.pe/index.php/contratexto/article/view/4604
Garro-Rojas, L. (2020). Alfabetización mediática en América Latina. Revisión de literatura: temas y experiencias. Revista Educación, 22-22.
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/educacion/article/view/37708
Saez, V. (2019). La Educación Mediática en la Escuela Secundaria desde los diseños curriculares. Entramado, 15(2), 148-159.
https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/entramado/article/view/5629
Garro-Rojas, L. (2020). Media Literacy in Latin America: Issues and Experiences. Revista Educación, 44(1), 520-532.
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S2215-26442020000100520&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Saez, V. (2019). The Media Education in Secondary School from the curricular designs. Entramado, 15(2), 148-159.
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1900-38032019000200148
Garro-Rojas, L. Alfabetización mediática en América Latina. Revisión de literatura: temas y experiencias. Educación [online]. 2020, vol. 44, n. 1.
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S2215-26442020000100520&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt
Mažeikienė, V. (2018). Media literacy in higher education (Doctoral dissertation, Mykolo Romerio universitetas).
https://193.219.57.220/handle/007/15238
Junior, G. C., & Bungenstab, G. C. (2018). Entre o Tempo Livre e a Educação. LICERE-Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer, 21(4), 502-528.
https://periodicos.ufmg.br/index.php/licere/article/view/1951
Leatemia, L. S. D., Furwanti, E., & Mulyana, E. (2019). IMPROVING COMPETENCIES OF PACKET C TUTORS THROUGH G SUITE FOR EDUCATION TRAINING (Case Study at PKBM Cahaya Kahuripan Bangsa Lembang). EMPOWERMENT: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 9(1), 22-35.
http://e-journal.stkipsiliwangi.ac.id/index.php/empowerment/article/view/1294
Share, J., Mamikonyan, T., & Lopez, E. Critical Media Literacy in Teacher Education, Theory, and Practice.
http://www.academia.edu/download/60789871/acrefore-9780190264093-e-140420191003-107661-11ji6up.pdf
Download
Alternative metrics
How to cite
Pegurer-Caprino, M., & Martínez-Cerdá, J. (2016). Media literacy in Brazil: Experiences and models in non-formal education. [Alfabetización mediática en Brasil: Experiencias y modelos en educación no formal]. Comunicar, 49, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.3916/C49-2016-04
Share
Oxbridge Publishing House
4 White House Way
B91 1SE Sollihul United Kingdom
Administration 
Editorial office
