O papel das estruturas de conhecimento na excelência de adultos: uma aproximação a partir do funcionamento de especialistas

 Antoni Castelló-Tarrida, Barcelona (Espanha)

 Ramón Cladellas-Pros, Barcelona (Espanha)

 Joaquín Limonero-García, Barcelona (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C60-2019-05

Palavras chave

Excelência, expertise, estruturas de conhecimento, altas habilidades, cérebro, tecnologia, inatismo, adulto

Resumo

O desempenho de pessoas adultas com diagnóstico de altas habilidades é um campo pouco investigado. Os resultados existentes indicam que a excelência se apresenta em proporções muito menores do que nos casos de pessoas com altas habilidades detectadas durante a infância/juventude, com relativamente poucos casos de altas habilidades entre pessoas que geraram produtos de excelência. Este artigo propõe a análise da frequência relativa de variáveis biográficas associadas às altas habilidades e à oportunidade de gerar estruturas específicas de conhecimento, adequadas para apoiar a inovação em pessoas que demonstraram excelência. Utilizamos uma análise biográfica retrospectiva de uma amostra de 120 pessoas que geraram reconhecidos produtos de excelência em diferentes campos durante o século XX. Foram avaliadas as variáveis associadas às altas habilidades: precocidade, problemas de aprendizagem, problemas sociais na escola e excelência acadêmica; e variáveis associadas à geração de estruturas de conhecimento inovadoras e não convencionais: continuidade acadêmico-profissional, influência de pessoas individuais e alta produtividade. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas que indicam baixa presença das quatro primeiras variáveis e alta presença das três últimas. Disso se deduz que o caminho para a excelência não parece corresponder à disponibilidade de um alto nível de recursos intelectuais, mas sim a uma determinada utilização de recursos suficientes, sejam eles cerebrais ou apoio tecnológico externo.

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Technical information

Recebido: 29-12-2018

Revisado: 06-02-2019

Aceite: 19-02-2019

OnlineFirst: 15-05-2019

Data de publicação: 01-07-2019

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 39 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 60: 48 dias

Tempo de aceitação do artigo: 52 dias | Tempo médio de aceitação do número 60: 64 dias

Tempo de edição da pré-impressão: 138 dias | Tempo médio de edição pré-impressão do número 60: 149 dias

Tempo de processamento do artigo: 183 dias | Tempo médio de processamento do número 60: 194 dias

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