COVID- 19 no YouTube: debates e polarização na esfera digital

 Oscar Luengo, Granada (Espanha)

 Javier García-Marín, Granada (Espanha)

 Emiliana de-Blasio, Roma (Itália)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C69-2021-01

Palavras chave

Esfera pública, YouTube, política digital, aprendizagem profunda, polarização, COVID-19

Resumo

As redes sociais transformaram de modo significativo a forma como se dá o diálogo político, impulsionando uma configuração digital da esfera pública. Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise dos debates produzidos nas redes sociais, com ênfase especial na polarização. Tomando como referência os comentários observados no YouTube sobre a COVID-19 durante o ano de 2020 na Espanha, na Itália e no Reino Unido, o que equivale a uma amostra de 111.808 comentários, foram aplicadas uma série de técnicas automáticas de análise baseadas em algoritmos, o que supõe uma metodologia quantitativa inovadora nessa área de estudo. Em consonância com o que é apontado em trabalhos anteriores, a hipótese levantada neste artigo é de que o grau de polarização não acontece com a mesma intensidade nas esferas digitais de diferentes países. Deste modo, é de se esperar registros de polarização maiores na esfera digital de países do sul da Europa, associados a um modelo de pluralismo polarizado, que em países com outros modelos, como o liberal. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese, verificando que não só se observa maior polarização na Espanha e na Itália que no Reino Unido, mas também, a nível desagregado, os resultados apontam que a atividade mais polarizante obtém maior aprovação nos países mediterrâneos da nossa amostra.

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Technical information

Recebido: 25-01-2021

Revisado: 20-03-2021

Aceite: 26-04-2021

OnlineFirst: 15-06-2021

Data de publicação: 01-10-2021

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 54 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 69: 30 dias

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