Enrique-Javier Díez-Gutiérrez, University of Leon (Spain)
María Verdeja, University of Oviedo (Spain)
José Sarrión-Andaluz, Pontifical University of Salamanca (Spain)
Keywords
Hate speech, social network analysis, Twitter, critical analysis, freedom of expression, human rights education
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the spreading of political hate speech by the far right through Twitter. A mixed methodology was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative tools, within the framework of digital ethnography. Five characteristic cases of campaigns linked to political hate speech were chosen, meeting the four criteria set: Latin American scope with representativeness in terms of breadth and impact, political motivation, more than 100,000 tweets, and massive use of fake accounts. The analysis was performed with T-Hoarder, Gephi and MAXQDA. The conclusions drawn are that these campaigns do not occur spontaneously. Rather, a destabilizing political intention lies behind them, sponsored by organizations with considerable ability to disseminate messages and with extensive funds. The massive presence of false accounts, the repetition of certain spelling errors in identical form and the striking increase in the number of accounts just before campaigns are evidence of the automation of these processes. The constant use of aggressive and disparaging terms associated with hatred triggers extreme polarization and a climate of tension, threatening the building and consolidation of democracy itself. Apart from punitive measures, there is a need to implement educational proposals.
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Technical information
Received: 26-12-2021
Revised: 18-01-2022
Accepted: 02-03-2022
OnlineFirst: 15-05-2022
Publication date: 01-07-2022
Article revision time: 23 days | Average time revision issue 72: 31 days
Article acceptance time: 66 days | Average time of acceptance issue 72: 75 days
Preprint editing time: 142 days | Average editing time preprint issue 72: 151 days
Article editing time: 187 days | Average editing time issue 72: 196 days
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Díez-Gutiérrez, E., Verdeja, M., Sarrión-Andaluz, J., Buendía, L., & Macías-Tovar, J. (2022). Political hate speech of the far right on Twitter in Latin America. [Discurso político de odio de la ultraderecha desde Twitter en Iberoamérica]. Comunicar, 72, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.3916/C72-2022-08