A credibilidade do noticiário da televisão pública na Espanha

 Xosé Soengas-Pérez, University of Santiago de Compostela (Espanha)

 Marta Rodríguez-Castro, University of Santiago de Compostela (Espanha)

 Francisco Campos-Freire, University of Santiago de Compostela (Espanha)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C76-2023-06

Palavras chave

Credibilidade, pluralismo, televisão pública, audiências, jornalismo, notícias

Resumo

As audiências dos telejornais em geral mostram que o interesse e a fidelidade dos telespectadores estão em constante mudança. Numerosas investigações mostram que existem elementos que intervêm no sucesso de programas e formatos, mas aqui analisamos quais fatores determinam a credibilidade da notícia. E também queremos saber como o pluralismo é garantido nas notícias, porque credibilidade e pluralismo são valores que se inter-relacionam e se condicionam. Como a credibilidade é um valor subjetivo, é preciso buscar critérios informativos que permitam analisá-la com rigor. O objetivo principal é saber se existe um consenso sobre os parâmetros que servem para definir, identificar e avaliar a credibilidade da televisão pública estatal na Espanha. Além disso, é interessante saber se os índices de audiência servem para determinar o grau de confiança nas notícias. Disponibilizamos as observações de investigadores, especialistas acadêmicos e profissionais, que oferecem uma visão das diferentes perspetivas que integram os múltiplos aspectos que condicionam a leitura e interpretação das notícias. Uma conclusão transversal desta investigação aborda o fato de que a credibilidade é um conceito com componentes multidimensionais, fruto de um processo no qual intervêm vários filtros que condicionam a percepção dos fatos. Desta forma, uma história pode ter múltiplos significados, que correspondem aos diferentes pontos de vista dos cidadãos.

Referências

Appelman, A., & Sundar, S.S. (2016). Measuring message credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(1), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015606057

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Arlt, D. (2019). Who trusts the news media? Exploring the factors shaping trust in the news media in German-speaking Switzerland. Studies in Communication Sciences, 18(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2018.02.003

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Biltereyst, D. (2004). Public service broadcasting, Popular entertainment and the construction of trust. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(3), 341-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549404044787

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Callejo-Gallego, J. (2015). El contrato de confianza con la información televisiva. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 21(2), 969-986. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ESMP.2015.v21.n2.50896

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Calvo-Porral, C., Martínez-Fernández, V.A., & Juanatey-Boga, Ó. (2014). Credibilidad de los medios de comunicación: análisis de la prensa diaria desde el comportamiento del consumidor. Profesional de la Informacion, 23(3), 300-310. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2014.may.10

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Camacho-Ordóñez, R. (2005). Quality television: Distinctiveness and audience. [Televisión de calidad: Distinción y audiencia]. Comunicar, 25, 29-32. https://doi.org/10.3916/C25-2005-004

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Campos-Rueda, M., & Goyanes, M. (2022). Public service media for better democracies: Testing the role of perceptual and structural variables in shaping citizens’ evaluations of public television. Journalism.. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221114948

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Daniller, A., Allen, D., Tallevi, A., & Mutz, D.C. (2017). Measuring trust in the press in a changing media environment. Communication Methods and Measures, 11(1), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2016.1271113

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Edelman (Ed.) (2022). Edelman Trust Barometer 2022. https://bit.ly/3YVlK2m

Link Google Scholar

Edgerly, S. (2022). The head and heart of news avoidance: How attitudes about the news media relate to levels of news consumption. Journalism, 23(9), 1828-1845. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211012922

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Engelke, K.M., Hase, V., & Wintterlin, F. (2019). On measuring trust and distrust in journalism: Reflection of the status quo and suggestions for the road ahead. Journal of Trust Research, 9(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2019.1588741

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Garusi, D., & Splendore, S. (2023). Advancing a qualitative turn in news media trust research. Sociology Compass. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.13075

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Gaziano, C., & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the concept of credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908606300301

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Goyanes, M. (2020). Antecedents of Incidental news exposure: the role of media preference, use and trust. Journalism Practice, 14(6), 714-729. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1631710

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Hameleers, M., & Brosius, A. (2022). You are wrong because I am right! The perceived causes and ideological biases of misinformation beliefs. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edab028

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Hanitzsch, T., Van-Dalen, A., & Steindl, N. (2018). Caught in the Nexus: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis of Public Trust in the Press. International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Holtz-Bacha, C. (2021). The kiss of death. Public service media under right-wing populist attack. European Journal of Communication, 36(3), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323121991334

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Hovland, C.I., Janis, I.L., & Kelley, H.H. (1953). Communication and persuasion: Psychological studies of opinion change. Yale University Press.

Link Google Scholar

Jakobsson, P., & Stiernstedt, F. (2023). Trust and the Media: Arguments for the (Irr)elevance of a Concept. Journalism Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2169191

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Krueger, R.A., & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. https://bit.ly/3F8NbOd

Link Google Scholar

Lee, T.T. (2010). Why they don’t trust the media: An examination of factors predicting trust. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(1), 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210376308

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Lunt, P., & Livingstone, S. (1996). Rethinking the focus group in media and communications research. Journal of Communication, 46(2), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01475.x

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Masip, P., Suau, J., & Ruiz-Caballero, C. (2020). Percepciones sobre medios de comunicación y desinformación: Ideología y polarización en el sistema mediático español. Profesional de la Información, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.27

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Mateos, C. (2021). Percepción ciudadana del desorden informativo: Servicio público de televisión y ecosistema mediático. OBETS, 16(2), 417-434. https://doi.org/10.14198/OBETS2021.16.2.12

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Mateos-Martín, C., Lamuedra-Graván, M., & Broullón-Lozano, M.A. (2021). From ‘Content Providers’ to ‘Key Social Structures’: A Turn to practice in citizen’s discourses on Televisión Española (TVE). Zer, 26(51), 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.23009

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Medina, M., Etayo-Pérez, C., & Serrano-Puche, J. (2023). Categorías de confianza para los informativos televisivos e indicadores para su medición: Percepciones de grupos de interés en Alemania, España e Italia. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 12(1), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM.23416

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Miller, A., & Kurpius, D. (2010). A citizen-eye view of television news source credibility. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(2), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210376315

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Moran, R.E., & Nechustai, E. (2022). Before reception: Trust in the news as infrastructure. Journalism, 24(3).https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211048961

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Robertson, C.T., Eddy, K., & Kleis-Nielsen, R. (2022). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2022. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://bit.ly/3ZrcDqB

Link Google Scholar

Parlamento Europeo (Ed.) (2022). Flash Eurobarometer. News & Media Survey 2022. European Parliament. https://bit.ly/41D6gBG

Link Google Scholar

Picone, I., & Donders, K. (2020). Reach or trust optimisation? A citizen trust analysis in the flemish public broadcaster VRT. Media and Communication, 8(3), 348-358. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i3.3172

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Roses, S., & Farias-Battle, P. (2012). Credibilidad de los medios: un análisis bivariado de las opiniones de los españoles. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 3(1), 79-104. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2012.3.06

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Samuel-Azran, T., & Hayat, T. (2019). Online news recommendations credibility: The tie is mightier than the source. [La credibilidad de las noticias digitales: El vínculo es más impactante que la fuente]. Comunicar, 60, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.3916/C60-2019-07

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Strömbäck, J., Tsfati, Y., Boomgaarden, H., Damstra, A., Lindgren, E., Vliegenthart, R., & Lindholm, T. (2020). News media trust and its impact on media use: Toward a framework for future research. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1755338

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Suárez-Villegas, J.C., Rodríguez-Martínez, R., & Ramon-Vegas, X. (2020). Pluralismo informativo en la era de la deliberación digital: percepciones de periodistas y ciudadanos. Profesional de la Información, 29(5), e290525. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.25

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Suiter, J., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Polarization and partisanship: Key drivers of distrust in media old and new? European Journal of Communication, 35(5), 484-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323120903685

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Thorson, K., Vraga, E., & Ekdale, B. (2010). Credibility in context: How uncivil online commentary affects news credibility. Mass Communication and Society, 13(3), 289-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205430903225571

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Vanacker, B., & Belmas, G. (2009). Trust and the economics of news. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 24(2-3), 110-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900520902885277

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Fundref

Crossmark

Technical information

Recebido: 09-12-2022

Revisado: 27-01-2023

Aceite: 23-02-2023

OnlineFirst: 30-05-2023

Data de publicação: 01-07-2023

Tempo de revisão do artigo: 49 dias | Tempo médio de revisão do número 76: -6 dias

Tempo de aceitação do artigo: 76 dias | Tempo médio de aceitação do número 76: 72 dias

Tempo de edição da pré-impressão: 159 dias | Tempo médio de edição pré-impressão do número 76: 155 dias

Tempo de processamento do artigo: 204 dias | Tempo médio de processamento do número 76: 200 dias

Métricas

Métricas deste artigo

Vistas: 62936

Leituras dos resumos: 61671

Descargas em PDF: 1265

Métricas completas do Comunicar 76

Vistas: 531073

Leituras dos resumos: 518091

Descargas em PDF: 12982

Citado por