Palavras chave

Efeitos da mídia, violência, campanhas institucionais, efeito bumerangue, dessensibilização, imitação, acessibilidade, reatância

Resumo

Os comportamentos violentos causam preocupação entre os atores da sociedade (políticos, educadores, assistentes sociais, associações de pais, etc.) que, a partir de âmbitos diferentes, tomam medidas que tratam de solucionar o problema da violência. A difusão de campanhas institucionais de comunicação contra a violência e o fomento da publicação de notícias relacionadas a eventos violentos costumam ser algumas das ações utilizadas. Não obstante, parte dos dados e da literatura disponível demonstrou que sua eficácia nem sempre é a esperada e, inclusive, tais ações podem chegar a ter efeitos contrários aos desejados e reforçar as atitudes dos que pensam que a violência é necessária. Sustenta-se a hipótese de que a maioria da população assumiria como próprias as mensagens contrárias à violência. Contudo –e este é o ponto chave e mais problemático– são justamente aqueles indivíduos com maior propensão à violência (precisamente aqueles a quem deveriam se dirigir tais comunicações) os que poderiam reagir ante a mensagem antiviolência de um modo não desejado. Surge um dramático paradoxo: a mensagem antiviolência poderia aumentar a predisposição ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos violentos. Estaríamos diante de um caso do que algumas literaturas denominam efeito bumerangue. Por último, destaca-se a necessidade de um estudo detalhado sobre determinados efeitos dos meios de comunicação (dessensibilização, imitação, acessibilidade e reatância), que poderiam ajudar a explicar o surgimento deste efeito bumerangue.

Referências

American Academy of Pediatrics (2009). Pediatrics. (www.pediatrics.org) (15-12-2010).

Link Google Scholar

Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The Effects of Media Violence on Society. Science, 295; 2.377-2.378.

Link Google Scholar

Anderson, C.A. & Dill, K.E. (2000). Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the La-boratory and in Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4; 772-790.

Link Google Scholar

Anderson, C.A. (1997). Effects of Violent Movies and Trait Hostility on Hostile Feelings and Aggressive Thoughts. Aggressive Behavior, 23; 161-178.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Anderson, C.A.; Berkowitz, L. & al. (2003). The Influence of Media Violence on Youth. American Psychological Society, 4(3); 81-110.

Link Google Scholar

Bandura, A., Ross, S. & Ross, S. A. (1963b). Vicarious Reinforcement and Imitative Learning. Journal of Ab-normal and Social Psychology, 67(6); 601-607.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Bandura, A., Ross, S. & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of Aggression through Imitation of Aggressive Models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(3); 575-582.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Bandura, A.; Ross, S. & Ross, S.A. (1963a). Imitation of Film-mediated Aggressive Models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(1); 3-11.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Barrios Cachazo, C. (2005). La violencia audiovisual y sus efectos evolutivos: un estudio teórico y empírico.

Link Google Scholar

Brehm, J.W (1966). A Theory of Psychological Reactance. New York: Academic Press.

Link Google Scholar

Brehm, S.S. & Brehm, J.W. (1981). Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control. Academic Press: New York.

Link Google Scholar

Breznitz, S. (1984). Cry Wolf: The Psychology of False Alarms. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.

Link Google Scholar

Brändle, G.; Martín Cárdaba, M.A. & Ruiz San Román, J.A. (2009). El riesgo de efectos no queridos en cam-pañas de comunicación contra la violencia. Discusión de una hipótesis de trabajo, en Nova, P.; Del Pino, J. (Eds.). Sociedad y tecnología: ¿qué futuro nos espera? Madrid: Asociación Madrileña de Sociología; 191-198.

Link Google Scholar

Bushman, B.J. & Stack, A.D. (1996). Forbidden fruit versus tainted fruit: effects of warnings labels on attraction to television violence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2; 207-226.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Carnagey, N.L.; Anderson, C.A. & Bushman, B.J. (2007). The Effect of Videogame Violence on Psychological Desensitization to Real-life Violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43; 489-496.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Cialdini, R.B. (2003). Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment. Current Directions in Psycho-logical Science, 12; 105-109.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Cialdini, R.B.; Demaine, L.J. & al. (2006). Managing Social Norms for Persuasive Impact. Social Influence, 1; 3-15.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Cohen, D. (1998). La violencia en los programas televisivos. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 6. (www.ull.es/publicaciones/latina/a/81coh.htm) (12-11-2010).

Link Google Scholar

Comunicar: Revista científica iberoamericana de comunicación y educación, 25.

Link Google Scholar

Drabman, R.S. & Thomas, M.H. (1974). Does Media Violence Increase Children’s Toleration of Real-life Ag-gression? Developmental Psychology, 10(3); 418-421.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Drabman, R.S. & Thomas, M.H. (1976). Does Watching Violence on Television Cause Apathy? Pediatrics, 57(3); 329-331.

Link Google Scholar

Feingold, P.C. & Knapp, M.L. (1977). Antidrug Abuse Commercials. Journal of Communications, 27; 20-28.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Fernández Villanueva, C.; Revilla Castro. J.C. & al. (2008). Los espectadores ante la violencia televisiva: fun-ciones, efectos e interpretaciones situadas. Comunicación y Sociedad, 2; 85-113.

Link Google Scholar

García Galera, M.C. (Dir.) (2008). La telefonía móvil en la infancia y la adolescencia. Informe del Defensor del Menor, Madrid: CAM.

Link Google Scholar

Gentile, D.A.; Lynch, P.J. & al. (2004). The Effects of Violent Videogame Habits on Adolescent Hostility, Ag-gressive Behaviors, and School Performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27; 5-22.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Hornik, R.; Jacobson, L. & al. (2008). Effects of the National Youth Anti-drug Media Campaign on Youths. American Journal of Public Health, 98 (12); 2.229-2.236.

Link Google Scholar

Huesmann, L.R. & Moise, J. (1996). Media Violence: a Demonstrated Public Health Threat to Children. Harward Mental Health Letter, 12 (12); 5-8.

Link Google Scholar

Huesmann, L.R. & Taylor, L.D. (2006). The Role of Media Violence in Violent Behavior. Annual Review of Public Health, 27(1); 393-415.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Huesmann, L.R.; Moise-Titus, J. & al. (2003). Longitudinal Relations between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992. Developmental Psychology, 39; 201-221.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Hyland, M. & Birrell, J. (1979). Government Health Warnings and the Boomerang Effect. Psychological Reports, 44; 643-647.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Igartua, J.J.; Cheng, L. & al. (2001). Hacia la construcción de un índice de violencia desde el análisis agregado de la programación. Zer. Revista de Estudios de Comunicación, 10; 59-79.

Link Google Scholar

McQuail, D. (1991). Introducción a la teoría de la comunicación de masas. Barcelona: Paidós.

Link Google Scholar

Miller, C.H.; Burgoon, M. & al. (2006). Identifying Principal Risk Factors for the Initiation of Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: The Significance of Psychological Reactance. Health Communication, 19; 241-252

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Miller, C.H.; Lane, L.T. & al. (2007). Psychological Reactance and Promotional Health Messages: The Effects of Controlling Language, Lexical Concreteness, and the Restoration of Freedom. Human Communication Research, 33; 219-240.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Molitor, F. & Hirsch, K.W. (1994). Children’s Toleration of Real-life Aggression after Exposure to Media Vi-olence: a Replication of the Drabman and Thomas Studies. Child Study Journal, 24 (3); 191-208.

Link Google Scholar

Ringold, D.J. (2002). Boomerang Effect: In Response to Public Health Interventions: Some Unintended Con-sequences in the Alcoholic Beverage Market. Journal of Consumer Policy, 25; 27-63.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Robinson, T.N. & Killen, J.D. (1997). Do Cigarette Warnings Labels Reduce Smoking? Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 151; 267-272.

Link Google Scholar

Stewart, D.W. & Martin, I.M. (1994). Intended and Unintended Consequences of Warning Messages: A Review and Synthesis of Empirical Research. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 13; 1-19.

Link Google Scholar

Thomas, H.M.; Horton, R. & al. (1977). Desensitization to Portrayals of Real-life Aggression as a Function of Exposure to Television Violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(6); 450-458.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Twerski, A.D.; Weinstein, A.S. & al. (1976). The Use and Abuse of Warnings in Products Li-ability: Design Defect Litigation Comes of Age. Cornell Law Review, 61; 495.

Link Google Scholar

Unger, J.B.; Rohrbach, L.A. & al. (1999). Attitudes toward Anti-tobacco Policy among California Youth: Asso-ciations with Smoking Status, Psychological Variables and Advocacy Actions. Health Educations Research Theory and Practice, 14; 751-763.

Link Google Scholar

Vives, C.; Torrubiano, J. & Álvarez, C. (2009). The Effect of Television News Items on Intimate Partner Violence Murders. European Journal of Public Health; 1-5.

Link Google Scholar

Wegner, D.M. (1994). Ironic Processes of Mental Control. Psychological Review, 10; 34-52.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Wolf, M. (1994). Los efectos sociales de los media. Barcelona: Paidós.

Link Google Scholar

Worchel, S. & Arnold, S.E. (1973). The Effects of Censorship and the Attractiveness of the Censor on Attitude Change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9; 365-377.

Link DOI | Link Google Scholar

Fundref

Este trabalho não tem nenhum apoio financeiro

Crossmark

Technical information

Métricas

Métricas deste artigo

Vistas: 46472

Leituras dos resumos: 38987

Descargas em PDF: 7485

Métricas completas do Comunicar 37

Vistas: 1070186

Leituras dos resumos: 890886

Descargas em PDF: 179300

Citado por

Citas em Web of Science

Segura-Marino, Adriana-Graciela; Garcia-Umana, Andres; . Digital art and its relationship to gender violence REVISTA DE HUMANIDADES, 2019.

https://doi.org/#EANF#

Cardaba, Miguel A. M.; Brinol, Pablo; Braendle, Gaspar; Ruiz-SanRoman, Jose A.. The moderating role of aggressiveness in response to campaigns and interventions promoting anti-violence attitudes AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21643

Rivera, Reynaldo; Santos, David; Brandle, Gaspar; Cardaba, Miguel Angel M.. Design Effectiveness Analysis of a Media Literacy Intervention to Reduce Violent Video Games Consumption Among Adolescents: The Relevance of Lifestyles Segmentation EVALUATION REVIEW, 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X16666196

Villagra, Nuria; Cardaba, Miguel A. M.; San Roman, Jose A. Ruiz. Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility: re-assessment of classical theories about fit between CSR actions and corporate activities COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY-SPAIN, 2016.

https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.2.133-146

Rivera, Reynaldo; Santos, David; Cabrera, Victoria; Docal, Maria-Carmen. Online and Offline Pornography Consumption in Colombian Adolescents COMUNICAR, 2016.

https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-04

Gamez Fuentes, Maria Jose. REGARDING HOW GENDER VIOLENCE HAS BEEN MADE VISIBLE IN MEDIA-POLITICAL TERMS IN SPAIN: A CRITIQUE TOWARDS ITS RECONCEPTUALIZATION OBETS-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 2012.

https://doi.org/10.14198/OBETS2012.7.2.02

Citas em Scopus

Martín-Fernández, M., Santos, D., Requero, B., Cedeño, M.. Attitudes change with respect to sexual-affective diversity: Reduction of the perception of persuasive intent [Cambio de actitudes hacia la diversidad afectivo-sexual: la reducción de la percepción del intento persuasivo]), Revista Colombiana de Psicologia, .

Link Google Scholar

Villagra, N., Cárdaba, M.A.M., Ruiz San Román, J.A.. Communicating corporate social responsibility: Re-assessment of classical theories about fit between CSR actions, corporate activities), Communication and Society, .

https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.2.133-146

Rivera, R., Santos, D., Cabrera, V., Docal, M.C.. Online, offline pornography consumption in colombian adolescents), Comunicar, .

https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-04

Rivera, R., Santos, D., Brändle, G., Cárdaba, M.Á.M.. Design Effectiveness Analysis of a Media Literacy Intervention to Reduce Violent Video Games Consumption Among Adolescents: The Relevance of Lifestyles Segmentation), Evaluation Review, .

https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X16666196

Segura-Mariño, A.-G., García-Umaña, A. . Digital art and its relationship to gender violence | [El arte digital y su relación con la violencia de género]), #EANF#, .

https://doi.org/10.5944/rdh.38.2019.22170

Segura-Mariño, A.-G., García-Umaña, A. . Digital art and its relationship to gender violence | [El arte digital y su relación con la violencia de género]), Revista de Humanidades (SPAIN), .

Link Google Scholar

Cárdaba, M.A.M., Briñol, P., Brändle, G., Ruiz-SanRomán, J.A.. The moderating role of aggressiveness in response to campaigns, interventions promoting anti-violence attitudes), Aggressive Behavior, .

https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21643

Citas em Google Scholar

Actualmente não há citações a este documento

Baixar

Métricas alternativas

Como citar

Brändle-Señán, G., Martín-Cárdaba, M., & Ruiz-San-Román, J. (2011). The risk of emergence of boomerang effect in communication against violence. [Riesgo de aparición del efecto boomerang en las comunicaciones contra la violencia]. Comunicar, 37, 161-168. https://doi.org/10.3916/C37-2011-03-08

Compartilhar

           

Oxbridge Publishing House

4 White House Way

B91 1SE Sollihul United Kingdom

Administração

Redação

Creative Commons

Este site usa cookies para obter dados estatísticos sobre a navegação de seus usuários. Se você continuar navegando, consideramos que você aceita seu uso. +info X